Jet biofuel development for a Southeast Asian aviation hub in Thailand
By Jon Fernquest
Airlines
in Europe are quickly moving towards using jet biofuel.As Thailand seeks to become the aviation hub for Southeast Asia, a supply of jet biofuel must be secured to meet this future demand.
Today's article begins after the vocabulary.
biofuel - gasoline
mixed with a crop to reduce oil usage
พืชที่ใช้สำหรับผลิตน้ำมันไบโอดีเซล
hub - the central or main part of something where there is most activity จุดศูนย์กลาง
aviation hub - a place where many airlines make stops at, where people can change to connecting flights
secure - get
hub - the central or main part of something where there is most activity จุดศูนย์กลาง
aviation hub - a place where many airlines make stops at, where people can change to connecting flights
secure - get
Economics
Jet biofuel to take flight from 2012
Output to serve 'green' European planes18/08/2010
Yuthana Praiwan
Thailand will start developing biofuel for jets to meet demand from 2012, when European aviation regulations calling for green fuel in airplanes take effect, says the Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency Department
That means Thailand's international airports should have airplane-compatible biofuel available to serve European airlines," said Twarath Sutabutr, the deputy director-general.
We want to become the aviation hub for Southeast Asia, and that means we'll have to have all the essential supplies to serve their requirements. Jet biofuel will absolutely be needed, so we should start developing it now.
take flight - start
flying, here means: project will start
demand - the need and desire to buy goods and services by households and businesses
aviation - the flying of aircraft การบิน
regulations - official rules that control the way that things are done ระเบียบปฏิบัติ, ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ
take effect - when a law or regulation starts to be enforced, people punished if they do not follow it
international - ระหว่างประเทศ between countries
compatible - can exist and operate together
deputy - the person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organisation รอง, ตัวแทน,ผู้รักษาการแทน
essential - important because necessary and needed ที่จำเป็น ที่สำคัญ
essential supply - amounts of a good that are necessary for continued operation and existence
absolutely - completely
Y absolutely needed - if don't have Y cannot continue to operate or exist
demand - the need and desire to buy goods and services by households and businesses
aviation - the flying of aircraft การบิน
regulations - official rules that control the way that things are done ระเบียบปฏิบัติ, ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ
take effect - when a law or regulation starts to be enforced, people punished if they do not follow it
international - ระหว่างประเทศ between countries
compatible - can exist and operate together
deputy - the person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organisation รอง, ตัวแทน,ผู้รักษาการแทน
essential - important because necessary and needed ที่จำเป็น ที่สำคัญ
essential supply - amounts of a good that are necessary for continued operation and existence
absolutely - completely
Y absolutely needed - if don't have Y cannot continue to operate or exist
Average annual jet fuel demand in Thailand is about 4 billion litres. To meet the demand for biofuel to mix in with jet fuel, the country should expand the area of palm oil plantations or turn to other fuel crops such as algae or sweet sorghum.
So far, the output of crude palm oil for biodiesel production is balanced and remains sufficient for the government's policy of replacing B3, a mix of 3% biofuel and high-speed diesel, with the higher biofuel content B5 next January.
annual
- happening once a year ประจำปี
expand - to become larger ขายตัวออกไป
palm oil - an edible plant oil used in cooking and also to make biodiesel fuel for cars (SeeWikipedia)
plantations - a large farms in a tropical country with many workers working for usually low wages, plantations usually grow crops such as sugar, pineapples, coffee, or rubber
algae - (See Wikipedia)
sorghum - a grass-like plant grown to be used as a grain to eat, a fibre and fodder to feed animals, also used to make bread, syrup and alcoholic beverages, even used for wall board for house building, as well as biodegradable packaging, most Sorghum is grown by poor "subsistence" farmers (See Wikipedia) ข้าวฟ่าง
biodiesel - fuel for diesel engines made of renewable organic raw materials such as palm oil, cassava, or sugar as opposed to oil and natural gas (See Wikipedia)
sufficient - enough พอเพียง
policy - a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes นโยบาย (See Wikipedia)
content - the parts of a good, what is inside
expand - to become larger ขายตัวออกไป
palm oil - an edible plant oil used in cooking and also to make biodiesel fuel for cars (SeeWikipedia)
plantations - a large farms in a tropical country with many workers working for usually low wages, plantations usually grow crops such as sugar, pineapples, coffee, or rubber
algae - (See Wikipedia)
sorghum - a grass-like plant grown to be used as a grain to eat, a fibre and fodder to feed animals, also used to make bread, syrup and alcoholic beverages, even used for wall board for house building, as well as biodegradable packaging, most Sorghum is grown by poor "subsistence" farmers (See Wikipedia) ข้าวฟ่าง
biodiesel - fuel for diesel engines made of renewable organic raw materials such as palm oil, cassava, or sugar as opposed to oil and natural gas (See Wikipedia)
sufficient - enough พอเพียง
policy - a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes นโยบาย (See Wikipedia)
content - the parts of a good, what is inside
If we also need to serve the aviation industry, then the crude palm oil we have now won't be enough, so we're considering what we can prepare for the market change," said Dr Twarath.
He said that at present there were two organisations spearheading fuel crop development - the department itself and the energy conglomerate PTT Group.
The department has provided financial support to universities for research into making biofuel from algae and sweet sorghum. PTT has its own research and development department and a laboratory for aviation biofuel.
crude - direct from
nature as it naturally is, before being processed and refined into a
chemical
spearhead - lead an organized effort to achieve goals
fuel crop - a crop grown for use as gasoline in cars, trucks and also airplanes (not the usual food use)
development - the gradual growth and formation of something
energy - a source of power that can be used to do work, coming from natural resources like gas, oil or coal (See Wikipedia)
conglomerate - a large company joining together a group of companies with different business activities
financial support - help by giving money สนับสนุน
spearhead - lead an organized effort to achieve goals
fuel crop - a crop grown for use as gasoline in cars, trucks and also airplanes (not the usual food use)
development - the gradual growth and formation of something
energy - a source of power that can be used to do work, coming from natural resources like gas, oil or coal (See Wikipedia)
conglomerate - a large company joining together a group of companies with different business activities
financial support - help by giving money สนับสนุน
Biofuel from algae may be the best choice since suitable areas for palm tree plantation are limited
Instead of trying to get more palm oil, the country should throw its efforts into research into new fuel crops," said Dr Twarath.
He said in the short term, the government would expand oil palm plantations and other biofuel sources in areas of low-yield crops like longans and lychees.
Since we see a surplus of those fruits each year along with very low prices, we may be better off turning them into something more valuable instead of making them suffer the same problems each year," added Dr Twarath.
choice
- of very good quality หัวกะทิ, ชั้นหนึ่ง, ดีที่สุด
suitable - acceptable or right for a situation เหมาะสม
plantation - a large farm where crops such as tea, coffee, cotton, sugar or, in this case, trees, are grown ไร่ นาขนาดใหญ่
efforts - the work done towards achieving some goal ความพยายาม
yield - an amount of something produced ผลผลิต
surplus - an amount above the required or necessary amount
valuable - worth a lot of money มีค่า
suffer - to experience physical or mental pain
suitable - acceptable or right for a situation เหมาะสม
plantation - a large farm where crops such as tea, coffee, cotton, sugar or, in this case, trees, are grown ไร่ นาขนาดใหญ่
efforts - the work done towards achieving some goal ความพยายาม
yield - an amount of something produced ผลผลิต
surplus - an amount above the required or necessary amount
valuable - worth a lot of money มีค่า
suffer - to experience physical or mental pain
(Source: Bangkok Post, Jet biofuel to take flight from 2012, Output to serve 'green' European planes, 18/08/2010, Yuthana Praiwan, link)
