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[Archives of Easy Business English]
Bridging the gap
between Thai universities and business world by matching human resources
By Jon Fernquest
 Ideally
business
networking
would match business people with scientists and researchers in
universities.
Relationships between these two groups of
people do not develop automatically.
That's why the National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) of Thailand's government is
sponsoring a special event to help develop these relationships.
Business
plan competitions
are another useful event that bridges the
gap
between universities and the business world (Read previous articles on
competitions in Thailand #1 and #2 also see archives).
Today's article begins
after the vocabulary.
Photo on right of
King Mongkut University of Technology winners of 2010 World
RoboCup competition
in Singapore. Technology competitions such as this are another
important kind of event bridging the divide between university and the
business world.
Research collaboration
between Thai and foreign universities also helps to bridge the divide
(Read on science
collaboration with Australian universities).
Engineering joint
ventures between Thai and foreign companies also bridge
the gap (Read on Thai-Chinese
high speed train project).
business networking -
when business people meet and get to know each other (See Wikipedia)
relationship - when
two or more people or organizations have a close involvement and
interactions with each other (examples: business relationship, romantic
relationship)
automatically - without
people doing anything
National Science and
Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) - the Thai
government agency driving rapid science and technology development (See description)
business plan - "a
formal
statement of a set of business goals, the reasons why they are believed
attainable, and the plan for reaching those goals. It may also contain
background information about the organization or team attempting to
reach those goals" (See Wikipedia)
business plan competition
-
an event in which many students present their business ideas and plans,
judges decide which are the ones most likely to succeed, most business
schools have such a competition (See video
on how to win)
bridges the gap - connects
two things that are not connected (starts communication and
relationship building)
2010 World RoboCup competition - a recent
competition in Singapore in which students compete to build the best
robot (See website)
human resources -
people with the knowledge and skills they possess, put to use by
organizations and companies when they are hired as employees (See Wikipedia)
collaboration
- working with other others to produce things and achieve
goals
joint ventures - a
company owned and operated by two or more other companies
BUSINESS NETWORKING
Matching fair due next month
31/08/2010
Yuthana Praiwan
Thailand's first event
matching business operators, scientists and researchers
will take place next month
The expo is being organised by the National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), which has invited more than
300 business operators from the industrial and service sectors to exhibit their research projects.
expo - an event with
large numbers of people coming to view things being shown (new
products, technology, art, information about a country)
due - expected to
happen or should happen มีกำหนด
operators - companies
running a certain kind of business
exhibit - show
something publicly, so people can learn about it
The NSTDA will have
more than 25 projects on hand at NSTDA Investors' Day, to
be held on Sept 16 at the Queen
Sirikit National Convention Center in Bangkok.
The NSTDA has been
providing services to business operators for the
past four years, particularly small and medium-sized entrepreneurs.
The policy is in line with government plans to enhance the country's economic competitiveness.
on hand - have,
exist, are present at a place
Queen Sirikit National
Convention Center - a large building used for events,
conferences and fairs, located in dowentown Bangkok, connected to the
rest of the city by subway, opened in 1991 (See Wikipedia)
entrepreneurs - business people เจ้าของกิจการ
policy - a set of plans or action agreed on by a
government, political party, business, or other group to guide
decisions and achieve outcomes นโยบาย (See Wikipedia)
in line with - agreeing with, following
enhance - to improve the quality, amount
or strength of something ทำให้ดีเพิ่มขึ้น, ทำให้ดีขึ้น
competitiveness - how well a business can do
compared to other firms (does it have lower price or higher quality?)
การแข่งขัน
NSTDA president
Thaweesak Koanantakool said five projects that will be highlighted at the fair are a
silk-strengthening substance, a kit to test for drug
allergies
in dogs, high efficiency methods for marine life breeding, a new lightweight concrete made from artificial materials and a simulation programme for the analysis of
orthodontic models.
This event will match business operators,
researchers and scientists in a bid to find business solutions,"
said Dr Thaweesak.
highlighted
- emphasized; stressed; made more noticeable ที่เน้นย้ำ
substance - some kind of solid, gas or liquid
(example: wood is a solid substance and water is a liquid substance)
allergy - a
medical condition when a person is oversensitive and reacts negatively
to some substance in the food, in the air or from some other
contact (See Wikipedia)
drug allergies - when
a patient has a negative allergic reaction to some drug (See Wikipedia)
efficiency
- waste little time, energy and resources in doing a task (minimize
time, energy and resources in performing a task) (See glossary)
การทำงานอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
คุ้มค่าเวลาและใช้พลังงานหรือต้นทุนในการผลิตน้อย เพื่อให้ได้ผลผลิตมาก
marine - relating to the sea and creatures that live
in it เกี่ยวกับทะเล
breeding - the keeping of animals or plants in order
to produce young animals from them การผสมพันธุ์สัตว์เพื่อขยายพันธุ์
concrete -
artificial - not natural, made by humans จำลอง
ที่มนุษย์สร้างขึ้น ที่ประดิษฐ์ขึ้น
simulation - imitation
of a real thing or situation, an artificial copy but with lifelike
features (See Wikipedia)
orthodontistry (noun) - dental treatment to put
teeth into correct position so that they look better (cosmetic) and
there is no "improper bite" (malocclusion) (See Wikipedia)
orthodontic (adjective)
models - a system, a simple description of how a
system works (to help you understand it)
match - to look the same as or very similar to
something else ซึ่งไม่คู่ควร
bid - an attempt to do something ความพยายาม
Discussions regarding
investments or licencing
patents or
joint ventures with the NSTDA or a venture capital fund will be discussed under the
mechanism of the Technology
Licensing Office.
The agency has
previously sought potential investors through business
model contests
organised by state universities but has found it
difficult to find appropriate
candidates.
licensed (adjective)
- have
official permission from government or a business to do some activity
or use something that they control
license
(noun) - official permission (See Wikipedia)
patent - legal
rights to use an invention and to prevent the invention from being used
by others, details of invention must be revealed to government patent
office (See Wikipedia)
licencing patents - pay
owner of patent to use the idea and technology in the patent
technology licensing - when
a company pays another company to use its technology
Technology Licensing
Office - the office at a university or government in
charge of selling technology developed within the university or country
joint - done with someone else ร่วมกัน
venture - a new business which involves risk or
uncertainty ธุริกิจเสี่ยงแต่สามารถทำกำไรได้
joint ventures - a
company owned and operated by two or more other companies
capital - money invested in a business (See glossary)
venture capital - private equity
capital provided by professional outside investors to new, growth
businesses. Cash is exchanged for shares in a usually high risk company
with above-average returns (See Wikipedia)
fund - to provide money for something เงินทุน
กองทุน, ให้เงินทุน
potential - possible ความเป็นไปได้
potential investors -
possible investors
business
model contests - see "business plan competition" above
state - government รัฐ
state universities - universities
owned and operated by governments
appropriate - suitable, right for a certain situation or
purpose
candidates - one of several people competing to be
selected for some special position (job, elected government official,
etc)
Last year, the NSTDA
was able to establish only two joint venture
projects, with Anglo Thai Ceramic Co and Micro Innovate Co, on which it
spent 200 million baht for equity investment.
Next year, we plan to
join with the Stock Exchange of Thailand to set up a venture capital
fund and expand solutions for business
operators, as Thailand is becoming more of a high-tech-based economy,"
said Dr Thaweesak.
establish
- to start a company or organization that will likely continue for a
long time สถาปนา, ก่อตั้ง, จัดตั้ง
equity - money for a business that comes from
owners, not borrowed money (debt) เงินลงทุน
ที่มาจากการระดมหุ้นของหุ้นส่วน และผู้มีกรรมสิทธิ
investment - taking your money and putting it into
projects to make a profit or earn interest (buying stock shares, bonds,
real estate)
expand - to become larger ขายตัวออกไป
(Source: BUSINESS NETWORKING, Matching fair due next month, 31/08/2010,
Yuthana Praiwan, link)
Thai-China high speed
train joint-venture:
End to long Bangkok commutes?
By Jon Fernquest
 Can
you imagine jumping on a train next to the office and zooming home in under 10 minutes?
Some people I work
with in downtown Bangkok have horrendous
commutes
from home to work and back everyday.
They take a
combination of subway, vans and buses and sit, walk, stand and wait for
as long as an hour and a half to get from home to work.
Today's article is
about a possible joint-venture between the Thai and Chinese
governments to build high speed trains in Thailand.
China's high-tech magnetic
levitation Maglev train travels from Shanghai to the
airport in a record breaking 7 to 8 minutes traveling as fast as 431
km/h (268 mph) (Read Wikipedia).
Today's article starts after the vocabulary below.
zoom - moving with
great speed and energy
horrendous - extremely
shocking and bad
commute (noun) - the
trip a person takes each day from their home to their work in the
morning and then in the evening from their work back to their
home
joint - done with someone else ร่วมกัน
joint-venture - company
owned and operated by two or more other companies
magnetic levitation -
a technology "by which an object is suspended with no support other
than magnetic fields. Magnetic pressure is used to counteract the
effects of the gravitational and any other accelerations" (See Wikipedia)
Maglev train
- Shanghai
Magnetic Levitation Demonstration Operation Line, "a magnetic
levitation train (maglev) line that operates in Shanghai, China. It is
notable for being the first commercial high-speed maglev line in the
world — during a test run on November 12, 2003, a Maglev vehicle
achieved a Chinese record speed of 501 km/h (311 mph) (non-commercial
top speed). The journey was designed to connect Shanghai Pudong
International Airport quickly to the outskirts of central Shanghai
where passengers could interchange for their final destinations in the
city centre" (See Wikipedia)
Transport
Development on Fast track
So
much to gain from new rail routes
31/08/2010
Somporn Thapanachai
While the cabinet will
today consider approving the framework of joint investment between Thailand and China on
the development of high-speed train routes in
Thailand, both public and
private sectors
believe faster rail transit will benefit the country economically and
socially.
China’s Maglev
train,
which travels 30 kilometres between Longyang Rd
Station and Shanghai International Airport in just over seven minutes,
is the fastest commercial train in the world.
development
- the gradual growth and improvement of a country's economy
fast track - a
way of achieving a goal or completing a project more quickly (like
traveling along a faster railway track)
framework - a system of rules, ideas or beliefs that
is used to plan or decide something ขอบข่ายงาน, โครงร่าง
investment - taking your money and putting it into
projects to make a profit or earn interest (buying stock shares, bonds,
real estate)
sector - a
part of a country's economic or business activity, (public sector =
government, private sector = all businesses, household sector =
families and consumers, banking sector,...) (See Wikipedia)
ภาค (เศรษฐกิจ)
private sector - all
the businesses and companies in an economy
public sector -
the government
transit - the act of moving from one place to
another การเดินทางผ่าน
benefit - to get help or an advantage from something
ผลประโยชน์
commercial - run by a company for profit (not owned
by the government)
The investments would
develop high-speed trains with speeds of around 250 kilometres per
hour. Three routes with an investment value of approximately 480
billion baht are now under consideration: Bangkok-Nong Khai,
Bangkok-Rayong and Bangkok-Padang Besar.
Supa Piyajitti,
director-general of State Enterprise Policy Office, said state-run organisations with the potential to join the investment were
the State
Railway of Thailand (SRT), which owns land plots along possible routes, and
the Mass Rapid
Transit Authority of Thailand (MRTA), which has technical expertise.
consideration
- giving careful thought to something before making a decision
state - government รัฐ
potential - might happen in the future ความเป็นไปได้
land plots - pieces of land
State Railway of Thailand
(SRT) -
the state-owned rail operator of Thailand, การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทย (SeeWikipedia)
Mass Rapid Transit
Authority of Thailand (MRTA) - the government
agency responsible for mass transportation in and around Bangkok,
founded in 1992 under Prime Minister Anand (See websiteand Wikipedia
on Bangkok Metro)
technical
- involving materials, processes, and machines that do specialised work
(example: computers, electronics, manufacturing) เฉพาะทาง
expertise - special skills or knowledge from study
or practical experience ความถนัด ทักษะความรู้,
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เชี่ยวชาญ ความชำนาญเฉพาะทาง
technical expertise -
having special knowledge or skills in some technical area like
computers, electronics, engineering and manufacturing
She said a memorandum of
understanding
on the Thai-Chinese joint investment would identify only the main topics of co-operation. Once it receives cabinet approval, the MOU must be approved by
parliament as the government needs to conduct a public
hearing
on the issue. "Details of possible
co-operation have already been drafted but cannot be disclosed at
the moment. The timeframe for development will depend
on when the parliament approves the MOU," she said.
memorandum
- an informal legal agreement ข้อตกลง
memorandum of understanding (MOU) - a informal
agreement that provides a framework for cooperation on activities,
establishes policies or procedures of mutual concern, and/or
establishes expectations between two or more parties (See Wikipedia)
identify
- to specify ระบุ
identify - find, locate
co-operation - working
together to achieve goals
approval
- official permission การอนุมัต
conduct - to do something in an organised way; to
carry out
hearing - an
official meeting which presents the facts of some issue before
a decision is made
public hearing - a
hearing that is open to the public, the public can listen and learn
about some new program or project and then respond by giving feedback,
suggestions and/or criticism
issue - an important subject that people are arguing
about or discussing ประเด็น
draft - to write up an official document
moment - a very short period of time; a particular
time or occasion ชั่วขณะ, โอกาสสำคัญ
timeframe - the length of time during which an event
or a poject happens ในกรอบเวลาที่ระบุำไว้
A joint Thai-Chinese
company with 50:50 ownership will be established, each side with authority to arrange investors. It is
unlikely the SRT would invest alone in the joint venture as the law forbids a state
enterprise
to enter an investment in which a foreigner has more than 49%
ownership.
Ms Supa said the joint
venture would not require vast capital as the new firm could seek funding for development of a
high-speed train system and repay the debt from income generated from its operation. Thai partners would be expected to provide land which, after the rail is
constructed, will be given to the government.
established
- started, set up or built for the first time
authority - the power to make decisions or tell
people what to do อำนาจ, อำนาจในการสั่งการ
venture - a new business, which usually involves
some risk or uncertainty ธุริกิจเสี่ยงแต่สามารถทำกำไรได้
enterprise - an organization, especially a business
กิจการ, บริษัท,อุตสาหกิจ,วิสาหกิจ
state enterprise -
a government owned business
vast - very large, of great size ส่วนใหญ่
capital - money invested in a business (See
glossary)
firm - a business or company บริษัม
funding - money given for a particular purpose
การให้เงินสนับสนุน
debt - an amount of money that you owe หนี้
income - money coming into a company or a household
income generated - money received by a business from
customers buying its products or services
partners - the companies owning part of the joint
venture หุ้นส่วน
expected - believe will happen คาดว่า (จะเกิดขึ้น)
provide - to give someone something wanted or needed
Manop Sangiambut, CLSA
head of China research, said China plans to export its high-speed train
technology to other countries. China earlier applied high-speed train
technology from France, Germany and Japan to develop its own
technology.
He said the Chinese
government usually provides low-interest funding, rail construction and vehicles when investing in other
countries.
Ms Supa last week led
a Thai delegation to study operations of
Chinese high-speed trains in Shanghai.
She said China has
both magnetic and electrical train systems,
but Thailand requires electrical trains because magnetic trains,
running at a maximum speed of 430 km/hour, are too
expensive....
interest
- payments made for the use of another's money for a period of time
construction - the work of building or making
something, especially buildings, bridges, etc. การก่อสร้าง
vehicles - machines with an engine used to carry
people or goods from place to place ยานพาหนะ
delegation - a group of people chosen by a group to
represent them คณะผู้แทน, คณะบุคคลที่เป็นตัวแทนของคนกลุ่มใหญ่
magnetic - of an object that is able both to attract
iron and steel objects and also push them away
ซึ่งมีคุณสมบัติเป็นแม่เหล็ก
maximum - the most possible ที่สูงสุด ที่มากที่สุด
(Source: Development on Fast track, So much
to gain from new rail routes,
31/08/2010,
Somporn Thapanachai, link)
Supavud Saicheua on
Thailand's long-term economic strategy
By Jon Fernquest
 Following in the footsteps of successful Asia countries
such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and China,
Thailand has long followed a strategy of export-driven
economic growth.
As Thai economist
Supavud Saicheua observes, Thailand "opened the Map Ta Phut
industrial estate
in 1980 - used the gas there as cheap power, used the port there to sell stuff and
invited the Japanese multinationals to use Thailand as a production base."
Thailand has
fully developed "downstream" industries such as
automobile and automobile parts manufacturing, but problems associated
with developing upstream industries such as
petrochemicals,
steel and power generation have yet to be adequately worked out.
The court ordered
closure of industrial projects Map Ta Phut
industrial estate because of the pollution they created is the most
visible example of this.
Today's article below
is an extract that describes Thailand's export-driven
economic growth
strategy. For the full article with Mr. Supavud's opinions on democracy
please read here.
A proactive
industrial policy
with government
intervention
might be a good option for Thailand. Advocates of this approach include
economists Dani Rodrik and Ha-Joon
Chang.
Without better developed political institutions this approach might not
succeed (Read a previous
article by
Danny Unger and Patcharee Siroros).
Today's article begins after the vocabulary.
following in the footsteps - imitating
or doing what others who were successful before you did in order to
succeed
strategy - a plan to achieve long term
goals ('strategy' gives the big picture, 'tactics' the details)
economic growth -
(See Wikipedia)
and Paul Romer of Stanford's description)
export-driven economic
growth - economic growth caused by development of a
country's export industry
Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate - one
of Thailand's largest industrial estates located in Rayong
(See interactive
map)
industrial park, industrial estate - a
special area especially for factories with special facilities (roads,
transportation, water, electricity, waste disposal) (See Wikipedia)
power - electricity
produced in large quantities and used to operate lights, machines, and
heating
port - an area of water where ships stop, including
the buildings around it ท่าเรือ
base - a place from where an activity or project can
be planned and carried ฐานที่มั่น
downstream - at an late stage in the process of
producing a product for sale (late in the supply chain)
upstream - at an early stage in the process of
producing a product for sale (early in the supply chain)
petrochemicals - chemicals made from oil or natural
gas สินค้าหรือผลิตภัณฑ์ปิโตรเคมี
production base - a place used by a company to
manufacture and produce goods for other places, regional manufacturing
center
work out a problem
- solve
a problem
proactive - starting
to think about possible problems in some project and start solving them
even before they happen
industrial policy - government policies to promote certain
industries that can help the country develop (See
Wikipedia)
intervention - getting involved in an activity that is not
usually your responsibility
advocates - people who agree with and promote certain
ideas
Investigative Report
Let the voters sort things out
29/08/2010
Nina Suebsukcharoen
...Mr Supavud said
that although the latest data on tourism show improvement, the Thai economy is still
mainly export-driven.
Is that sustainable? If you want to sustain it then you must know what you
are getting yourself into. If you look at Thailand's economic
growth strategy
you would have to argue that it has mainly been manufacturing and
export-driven, and to do that we basically opened the Map Ta Phut
industrial estate
in 1980 - used the gas there as cheap power, used the port there to sell stuff and
invited the Japanese multinationals to use Thailand as a production base.
investigation
(noun) - the process of trying to find out all the
details or facts about something in order to discover who or what
caused it or how it happened การตรวจสอบหาข้อเท็จจริง
investigative
(adjective)
sort things out - being
order to a complicated situation, solve a complicated problem
data - facts or information used for making
calculations or decisions ข้อมูล
improvement - when something gets better or when you
make it better การปรับปรุง, การทำให้ดีขึ้น
sustainable - able to be successfully continued for
a long time ยั่งยืน, ถาวร
sustain (verb) - keep something going for a long
time
what you are getting
yourself into - the difficult situation you face, when you
agree to do something
That in a
nutshell
is Thailand's economic strategy. We have cemented that model with the signing
of the Japan-Thailand
Economic Partnership Agreement.
Now we have come to
the point where we have fully developed what are called downstream industries - we have
automobile production, auto parts production. We need to back this up
with upstream industries - petrochemicals, steel, power. But we are
having problems developing upstream industries, as is seen with the Map
Ta Phut issue.
in a nutshell - summarizing,
describing a complicated thing in simple terms
cemented -
made strong
Japan-Thailand Economic
Partnership Agreement (JTEP) - name of the free trade
agreement between Thailand and Japan
(See Wikipedia)
Free
Trade Agreement (FTA) -
an agreement between two or more countries to reduce tariffs and other
"barriers to trade" over time
issue - a problem that needs to be considered,
discussed, debated and solved ประเด็น
So if Thailand wants
to continue pursuing this path of being a
manufacturing production base for Japan, then we must accept that we
have to develop the basic upstream industries as well. And we must resolve this concern about pollution and health in
a way that does not become an obstacle to the development of basic industries.
Mr Supavud said that
China has both upstream and downstream industries
but Malaysia does not because it has not really pursued this strategy.
Malaysia exports palm oil and electronic parts. It may have wanted to
develop an auto industry and export cars the way Thailand does, but it
has not been as successful in this area.
Mr Supavud noted that
Singapore also has a different model than Thailand, as it is a trading
port and
a major financial
service centre
and is also focusing on high-end health care and scientific
research. He said that both Indonesia and Vietnam are in a position to
compete with Thailand.
resolve
- to solve a problem, or to find a satisfactory way of dealing with it
แก้ไขปัญหา, หาทางแก้ปัญหา
concern - a worry ความกังวล
obstacle - a difficulty or problem that prevents you
from achieving something อุปสรรค ขวากหนาม สิ่งกีดขวาง
development - the gradual growth and formation of
something
trading port - a place where ships ship large quantities
of goods into and out of, as part of the buying and selling of
goods
financial
service centre - a central place where many banks are
located, from which many loans are issued
high-end - of
high quality and expense
(Source: Bangkok Post, Investigative
Report, Let the voters sort
things out,
29/08/2010, Nina Suebsukcharoen, link)
Income generated by
Thailand's tourism sector
to be measured in greater detail
By Jon Fernquest
 In
2009 tourism made a 7.91% contribution to Thailand's
economy as measured by Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP
growth in Thailand's tourism sector has some special benefits,
spending in this sector: 1. spreads income over more workers, and 2.
also allows the more impoverished regions of Thailand to derive benefits from
economic growth (See article).
Tourism income generated in
Thailand's southern region at 182.2 billion baht far surpassed the next
best (the East with Pattaya at 72.78 billion) due to the presence of
tourism centers Phuket and Koh Samui.
Today's article begins
after the vocabulary.
Photo on right of tourist drinking beer and sunbathing on the
beach.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) -
a measure of economic activity in a country, the value of the country's
output of goods and services. GDP is defined roughly as: GDP =
Household Consumption + Business Investment + Change in
Inventories + (Government Spending - Taxes) +
(Exports - Imports) (See Economist
Glossary)
sector
- a part of the economy (public sector = government,
private sector = all businesses, household sector = families and
consumers, banking sector,...) ภาคเศรษฐกิจของประเทศ (See Wikipedia)
contribution - something done to help achieve
something or make it successful ผลงาน,การช่วยเหลือ
impoverished - very
poor
derive benefits -
get
benefits
X surpassed Y - X
went beyond or did better than Y
sunbathing -
letting the sun hit your skin for long periods of time in order to make
your skin darker (See Wikipedia on
sun tanning)
Economics
TOURISM
New gauge better reflects industry's
contribution
27/08/2010
Chatrudee Theparat
A new tourism gross domestic product index has been prepared to
better reflect the industry's large
contribution from goods and services in the overall economy.
The tourism sector plays a vital role in the country's economy, but
the industry for years has been without a compilation of national tourism income," said Thanittha Maneechote, deputy permanent secretary of the Tourism and
Sports Ministry.
gauge
of Y - something that can used to measure
Y
reflect - to show สะท้อน แสดงถึง
domestic - within the country ภายในประเทศ
vital - extremely important; necessary for the
success or continued existence of something จำเป็นสำหรับชีวิต; สำคัญมาก
role - purpose or function in a
particular situation บทบาท
compilation (noun)
- information
brought together from many different places into one book, list,
article, etc
income - money that people receive from work or some
other source, used for household consumption and savings
national tourism income - all the money
that people in a country receive from running tourism businesses
deputy - a person who is given the power to do
something instead of another person, or the person whose rank is
immediately below that of the leader of an organisation รอง,
ตัวแทน,ผู้รักษาการแทน
permanent - happening for all time in the future ถาวร
The National
Economic and Social Development Board has compiled national income data for 16 sectors including
agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industry and transport. It also includes hotels and
restaurants as well as services. However, the tourism sector covers a broader
scope of activities
from hotels and restaurants to shopping, retail sales, transport and health
services.
Tourism GDP generally measures the total market value of
goods and services that are consumed by visitors, minus the cost of the
inputs used in producing those goods and services.
The NESDB's tourism
income study also covers food expenses for lodging,
food and drink, guide services, entertainment, shopping, gifts and
transport.
NESDB
(National Economic and Social Development Board or "Sa-pa-pat") - Thai
government planning agency for economic development, creates five year
plans with an agenda of: 1. Alleviation of Poverty and Income
Distribution problems, 2. Enhancing Thailand’s Competitiveness, 3.
Promoting Social Capital Development, 4. Promoting Sustainable
Development (See Wikipedia)
compile (verb) - to bring together
information from many different places (for example: to create a book,
list, article)
data
- facts or information used for making calculations or decisions ข้อมูล
fisheries - fish farms, places to raise fishes
transport - moving people or things from one place
to another ขนส่ง
scope of Y -
the things dealt with by Y, how many things are dealt with by Y
scope of activities -
what things (issues, tasks) a set of activities deals with
broader scope of
activities - when a set of activities deals with more
things (issues, tasks)
retail - to sell directly to the public for their
own use ขายปลีก
In 2009, tourism
income both from foreign
visitors
and domestic
travellers
contributed 7.91%, equivalent to 715.98 billion baht of a
gross domestic product worth a total of total 9.05 trillion.
When all factors are included, tourism income
averaged 11,270.91 baht per head.
The southern region led the
table with
tourism income of 182.2 billion baht, reflecting large contributions from the islands of Phuket
and Samui. The figure
was 72.78 billion baht for the East, 58.83 billion for the North, 28.29
billion for the West, and 27.21 billion for the northeastern provinces.
The Central region
excluding Bangkok generated the
lowest income worth only 15.18 billion baht. Based on national income
per head, the South again led with per capita income of 20,673.04 baht,
followed by 15,969.63 baht in the East, 7,140 baht in the West,
4,998.83 in the North, 2,021.34 baht in the Central region and only
1,265.97 baht in the Northeast.
Based on provinces,
Bangkok ranked first, generating 331.45 billion
baht, followed by Phuket at 94 billion, Chon Buri at 47.82 billion,
Chiang Mai at 32.6 billion and Krabi 20 billion baht.
foreign visitors -
people from countries outside Thailand who come to Thailand (for
tourism, business, to visit family, etc)
domestic travellers - Thai people who travel within their
own country (for tourism, business, to visit family, etc)
equivalent - the same as เท่าเทียมกันกับ
factor - one of the things that effects a situation
or event ปัจจัย
per head -
per person, for each person
led the table -
was first among all the items in the table (being measured)
contributions - something that you do or give to
help make something successful การช่วยเหลือ
figure - an amount of money จำนวนเงิน
generated - created
(Source: TOURISM, New gauge better reflects industry's contribution, 27/08/2010, Chatrudee
Theparat, link)
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