How ageing western economies are likely to poach talent from poorer developing economies
By Jon Fernquest
OECD countries in Europe are recruiting the best talent from
developing countries around the world including India, China,
Russia and also Thailand. In the future much of this talent may well return to their home countries to enrich their respective economies with the talents and skills they have developed in more advanced economies. This has certainly been the case in India's software industry.
Right now, this migration of talent out of developing countries to fully developed OECD countries may create a brain drain in the lesser developed countries.
Meanwhile, developing countries themselves make no efforts to recruit talent from more advanced economies and create significant legal barriers to migration and employment.
Today's article begins after the vocabulary.
Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) -
an international organisation of thirty countries that accept the
principles of representative democracy and free market economy:
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Japan,
Finland, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Czech Republic, South Korea,
Hungary, Poland, Slovakia (See Wikipedia)
talent (noun) - people who are able to do certain tasks with great skill (science, engineers, musicians, singers, etc)
poach - to persuade a person to leave a company or organization and come work for yours
poach talent - get talented people who work for other people to come work for you
recruiting - finding suitable people to do a job
migration - moving from one place to another place to live or work การอพยพ
brain drain - when talented people move from a poorer country where they are needed to a richer country because they have better opportunities there (See Wikipedia on brain drain and reverse brain drain)
talent (noun) - people who are able to do certain tasks with great skill (science, engineers, musicians, singers, etc)
poach - to persuade a person to leave a company or organization and come work for yours
poach talent - get talented people who work for other people to come work for you
recruiting - finding suitable people to do a job
migration - moving from one place to another place to live or work การอพยพ
brain drain - when talented people move from a poorer country where they are needed to a richer country because they have better opportunities there (See Wikipedia on brain drain and reverse brain drain)
Economics
TRAVEL MONITOR
Ageing populations redefine migration policies
19/07/2010
Faced with ageing populations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s countries are increasingly adjusting their migration policies to attract more international students and making it easier for them to stay on, according to the latest 2010 edition of the OECD migration report released earlier this month.
attract
- to cause someone to be interested in something ดึงดูดความสนใจ
international students - students from other countries studying in this country
released - made available to the public
release report - make a new report available to the public
international students - students from other countries studying in this country
released - made available to the public
release report - make a new report available to the public
On the flip side, the number of temporary workers entering the OECD countries has declined, largely due to economic conditions, the report said. These include working holiday-makers, as well as other categories badly needed by the travel & tourism industry, such as short-order cooks and hotel workers.
on the flip side - now
looking at the other side of the situation or problem
temporary - for a short time; not permanent ชั่วคราว
temporary workers - workers who only have permission to work in a country for a short period of time
working holiday-makers - usually young people who are working while they are traveling around the world
short-order cooks - cooks at cheap restaurants who cook many different kinds of simple food a restaurant (bacon and eggs, hamburger, steak, salad, etc)
temporary - for a short time; not permanent ชั่วคราว
temporary workers - workers who only have permission to work in a country for a short period of time
working holiday-makers - usually young people who are working while they are traveling around the world
short-order cooks - cooks at cheap restaurants who cook many different kinds of simple food a restaurant (bacon and eggs, hamburger, steak, salad, etc)
The report notes that 2005-2015 is a transition period in OECD countries with respect to the demographic impact of the baby-boomers on the working-age population and the labour force. Persons born after 1945 have been entering their sixties and will be retiring soon.
The countries which are aging the most are Germany and Japan, the countries of southern Europe but also Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland. Hence, migrants are needed at both the skilled and less-skilled ends of the spectrum.
transition
- change การเปลี่ยนแปลง
transition period - a period of time when the situation changes a lot
X with respect to Y - the X that involves matter Y
demographic - regarding the population of a country or area (See Wikipedia and also see Wikipedia on demographics of Thailand)
impact - an effect or influence ผลกระทบ
baby-boomers - a person born during the sharp increase in births that followed World War II in the late 1940s and 1950s (See Wikipedia)
working-age population - people not too young to work and not too old to work (roughly 18 to 60)
population - all the animals or plants of a particular type or group who live in one country, area or place กลุ่มพืชและสัตว์ที่อาศัยอยู่ในบริเวณหนึ่ง
labour force - all the people in the economy who can work at job and are willing to work at a job
migrants - people who travel to a different region or country to live and work ผู้อพยพ ในที่นี้หมายถึง คนต่างจังหวัดที่อพยพเข้ามาหางานทำที่กรุงเทพ
spectrum - a wide variety, many different types
transition period - a period of time when the situation changes a lot
X with respect to Y - the X that involves matter Y
demographic - regarding the population of a country or area (See Wikipedia and also see Wikipedia on demographics of Thailand)
impact - an effect or influence ผลกระทบ
baby-boomers - a person born during the sharp increase in births that followed World War II in the late 1940s and 1950s (See Wikipedia)
working-age population - people not too young to work and not too old to work (roughly 18 to 60)
population - all the animals or plants of a particular type or group who live in one country, area or place กลุ่มพืชและสัตว์ที่อาศัยอยู่ในบริเวณหนึ่ง
labour force - all the people in the economy who can work at job and are willing to work at a job
migrants - people who travel to a different region or country to live and work ผู้อพยพ ในที่นี้หมายถึง คนต่างจังหวัดที่อพยพเข้ามาหางานทำที่กรุงเทพ
spectrum - a wide variety, many different types
According to the report, many OECD countries are adopting a ''two-step migration'' policy, under which migrants are first attracted as international students and then retained as highly-skilled long-term workers as the second step.
Many OECD countries and universities have introduced measures to make international study more attractive, for example by reducing tuition and other costs connected with the stay, offering English-language instruction, facilitating credit transfers and also allowing part-time work while studying.
adopting
- accepting or starting to use something new นำมาใช้
policy - a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes used by a government, political party or business (See Wikipedia)
retained - keep them on for further work (not tell them that they have to go after work and training is finished)
long-term - for a long period of time
measures - actions taken to deal with a problem มาตราการ
attractive - worth having or doing
tuition - teaching; the work of a teacher ค่าเล่าเรียน
credit - the points you earn when you pass a course, adding them up, you need a certain amount to graduate
credit transfers - taking the credits your earned by taking courses at one school and using them at another school
facilitating credit transfers - making it easy to change schools and have new school accept the work you did at the old school
policy - a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes used by a government, political party or business (See Wikipedia)
retained - keep them on for further work (not tell them that they have to go after work and training is finished)
long-term - for a long period of time
measures - actions taken to deal with a problem มาตราการ
attractive - worth having or doing
tuition - teaching; the work of a teacher ค่าเล่าเรียน
credit - the points you earn when you pass a course, adding them up, you need a certain amount to graduate
credit transfers - taking the credits your earned by taking courses at one school and using them at another school
facilitating credit transfers - making it easy to change schools and have new school accept the work you did at the old school
The most recent numbers indicate that OECD countries receive between 2 to 2.5 million international students from around the world, which corresponds to about 84% of all students studying abroad.
On average across countries, the number of international students has doubled from 2000 to 2007. Compared to 2000, all OECD countries have seen increases in the number of international students, with the largest increases being observed in Korea and New Zealand, where the increases were almost 10- and eight-fold respectively within seven years.
According to the report, the United States, Japan, Australia, Germany, France and the United Kingdom remain the main destination countries for international students in both tertiary education and in advanced research programmes.
Together, these six countries account for about 75% of all international students in the OECD.
eight-fold increase - increase
to 8 times greater than before (example: increase from 2 to 16, 2 X 8 =
16)
destination - the place where someone or something is going จุดหมายปลายทาง
tertiary education - university and college education
X accounts for Y% of Z - X is Y% of Z
destination - the place where someone or something is going จุดหมายปลายทาง
tertiary education - university and college education
X accounts for Y% of Z - X is Y% of Z
Most countries have adapted their migration policies so as to retain international graduates. Such potential migrants have the advantage of local degrees recognised by employers, knowledge of local work practices and regulations and better language proficiency, and an understanding of social and cultural norms.
adapted - change to
meet a new situation
retain - to keep รักษา
potential - possible, what might happen in the future ความเป็นไปได้
advantage - a condition giving a greater chance of success ความได้เปรียบ
local - in the area that you live and work ท้องถิ่น
employers - companies that hire workers
practices - ways of doing commonly repeated tasks
regulations - official rules that control the way that things are done ระเบียบปฏิบัติ, ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ, กฎระเบียบ
language proficiency - being able to speak and use a language at a certain level
retain - to keep รักษา
potential - possible, what might happen in the future ความเป็นไปได้
advantage - a condition giving a greater chance of success ความได้เปรียบ
local - in the area that you live and work ท้องถิ่น
employers - companies that hire workers
practices - ways of doing commonly repeated tasks
regulations - official rules that control the way that things are done ระเบียบปฏิบัติ, ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ, กฎระเบียบ
language proficiency - being able to speak and use a language at a certain level
Among the measures taken by OECD countries are support for the transition from student to worker status, for example, by providing courses in the language of the host country, such as in Finland with Finnish and Swedish language courses, or by mediating internships for international students, such as is done by the Public Employment Service in Japan.
support
- help สนับสนุน
status - someone's position in society or in an organization สถานะทางสังคม
status - official or legal position สถานภาพ
host country - the country that is allowing you come there or inviting you to come there
mediating - working between two people or organizsations, to help them solve problems
internships - work training in the actual workplace
status - someone's position in society or in an organization สถานะทางสังคม
status - official or legal position สถานภาพ
host country - the country that is allowing you come there or inviting you to come there
mediating - working between two people or organizsations, to help them solve problems
internships - work training in the actual workplace
Many OECD countries have also facilitated visa procedures for international students and graduates, by allowing applications for permanent migration to be lodged in Australia, which had not been previously permitted.
Some countries, such as Finland and Norway, amended their naturalisation acts and now take the years of residence as students into account for the assessment of eligibility. The facilitation of and permission to work during studies in many countries, including Sweden, Norway, the Czech Republic and Australia, also allow the retention of graduates.
facilitated
- assisted; helped
permanent - happening or existing for a long time or for all time in the future ถาวร
lodge application - submit an application, give an application for some job or benefit to business or government who will decide whether you get it or not
amended - change unrest
naturalization - the process of becoming a citizen of a country
naturalisation acts - laws regarding how a person can become a citizen of a country
residence - home, place where someone lives ที่อยู่อาศัย
take into account - use as information in your decision
assessment - studying and evaluating something and then making a decision or judgement about it การประเมิณสถานการณ์
eligibility - whether you can participate in the programme or not การมีสิทธิได้รับคัดเลือก
facilitation - helping, making it easier to do something
permission - allowing someone to do something การอนุญาต,การอนุมัติ,การยินยอม
permanent - happening or existing for a long time or for all time in the future ถาวร
lodge application - submit an application, give an application for some job or benefit to business or government who will decide whether you get it or not
amended - change unrest
naturalization - the process of becoming a citizen of a country
naturalisation acts - laws regarding how a person can become a citizen of a country
residence - home, place where someone lives ที่อยู่อาศัย
take into account - use as information in your decision
assessment - studying and evaluating something and then making a decision or judgement about it การประเมิณสถานการณ์
eligibility - whether you can participate in the programme or not การมีสิทธิได้รับคัดเลือก
facilitation - helping, making it easier to do something
permission - allowing someone to do something การอนุญาต,การอนุมัติ,การยินยอม
International students working part-time in companies may be kept on as regular employees after graduation. Most OECD countries now allow international students to search for work for a specified period following the completion of study.
The time period varies from six months in France, New Zealand or Finland to up to one year in Germany or Norway, and has been extended in recent years in some countries, for example in the Netherlands, from three months to one year. In Canada, permanent residence has been also facilitated for international graduates.
The report admits that the recent recession has slowed migration, especially that driven by labour demand, but that will change. "There is no escaping the fact that more labour migration will be needed in the future in many OECD countries as the recovery progresses and the current labour market slack is absorbed.
search
- to look somewhere carefully in order to find something ค้นหา
permanent residence - the immigration status that allows a person to live and work in a country for an unlimited period of time
recession - a period of reduced economic activity, growth and unemployment, starts with at least two quarters of negative GDP growth (See Wikipedia and list of recessions in US) ภาวะเศรษฐกิจถดถอย
demand - the need and desire to buy goods and services by households and businesses
There is no escaping the fact that... - it is true but unpleasant that...
recovery - when the economy gets better (more jobs, higher incomes) การฟื้นฟูสภาพ
current - of the present time ปัจจุบัน
the current labour market slack is absorbed - no or minimal unempployment in the country, when there are enough jobs for everyone in the country who is looking for one
permanent residence - the immigration status that allows a person to live and work in a country for an unlimited period of time
recession - a period of reduced economic activity, growth and unemployment, starts with at least two quarters of negative GDP growth (See Wikipedia and list of recessions in US) ภาวะเศรษฐกิจถดถอย
demand - the need and desire to buy goods and services by households and businesses
There is no escaping the fact that... - it is true but unpleasant that...
recovery - when the economy gets better (more jobs, higher incomes) การฟื้นฟูสภาพ
current - of the present time ปัจจุบัน
the current labour market slack is absorbed - no or minimal unempployment in the country, when there are enough jobs for everyone in the country who is looking for one
In a reference to the social problems that tend to accompany increased immigration, the report says: ''It is important to remember that migrants were contributors to the national economy when times were good; they should not be seen as a burden when times are bad.''
accompany
- to go with someone ไปกับ,ไปด้วยกัน,ไปเป็นเพื่อน
immigration - the process in which people enter a country in order to live there permanently การย้ายถิ่นฐาน
national - a citizen of a particular country ประชาชน
burden - a difficult responsibility, a difficult thing that must be done, a heavy load to carry ภาระ (See glossary)
immigration - the process in which people enter a country in order to live there permanently การย้ายถิ่นฐาน
national - a citizen of a particular country ประชาชน
burden - a difficult responsibility, a difficult thing that must be done, a heavy load to carry ภาระ (See glossary)
''Many lesser-skilled jobs are not finding enough takers among young entrants to the workforce. Immigrants are the ones who often have been taking on these jobs in food processing, cleaning, hotels, restaurants and construction. Without immigrants, services in these areas would be harder to obtain and prices higher.
Personal care is another sector where there will be large labour needs, both to look after dependent older persons but also after children whose mothers wish to pursue their careers or enter the workforce.''
Imtiaz Muqbil is executive editor of Travel Impact Newswire, an e-mailed feature and analysis service focusing on the Asia-Pacific travel industry
entrants - people
entering
workforce - all the people in an area or country available for work, all the people who work for a company แรงงาน
food processing - cleaning, preparing and packaging food to that it can be sold in stores
construction - the work of building or making something, especially buildings, bridges, etc. การก่อสร้าง
sector - a part of the economy (public sector = government, private sector = all businesses, household sector = families and consumers, banking sector,...) (See Wikipedia) ภาคเศรษฐกิจของประเทศ
dependent - needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating ต้องอาศัย
dependent older persons - older people who need the help of younger people to take care of them in their old and weak
pursue - to work at something or carry it out ทำให้ลุล่วง
pursue career - work at a certain kind of job for a long and try to advance, get a better position and salary
executive - the highest level managers in a company
feature - feature article in magazine or newspaper supplement, "a piece of journalistic writing that covers a selected issue in-depth. As such, a feature need not address an immediately topical subject as would be expected of a news story, is usually considerably longer, and may well present an opinionated view." (See Wikipedia)
workforce - all the people in an area or country available for work, all the people who work for a company แรงงาน
food processing - cleaning, preparing and packaging food to that it can be sold in stores
construction - the work of building or making something, especially buildings, bridges, etc. การก่อสร้าง
sector - a part of the economy (public sector = government, private sector = all businesses, household sector = families and consumers, banking sector,...) (See Wikipedia) ภาคเศรษฐกิจของประเทศ
dependent - needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating ต้องอาศัย
dependent older persons - older people who need the help of younger people to take care of them in their old and weak
pursue - to work at something or carry it out ทำให้ลุล่วง
pursue career - work at a certain kind of job for a long and try to advance, get a better position and salary
executive - the highest level managers in a company
feature - feature article in magazine or newspaper supplement, "a piece of journalistic writing that covers a selected issue in-depth. As such, a feature need not address an immediately topical subject as would be expected of a news story, is usually considerably longer, and may well present an opinionated view." (See Wikipedia)
(Source: TRAVEL MONITOR, Ageing populations redefine migration policies, Imtiaz Muqbil, 19/07/2010, link)
