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Map Ta Phut
only symptom
of bigger problem:
Weak political
institutions for making important decisions
By Jon Fernquest
 The
Bangkok Post featured an analysis of the Map Ta Phut crisis written by American academic Danny Unger this week.
Danny Unger is one of
the few academics in the US and Europe specializing in Thai political
economy
(See profile
and publications,
scroll down page).
He teaches at Northern
Illinois University (NIU), a center for Southeast Asian Studies in the
US.
His major work Building
Social Capital in Thailand (1998) provides a nice
overview in English of many parts of the Thai economy (See Google
Books).
His article is very
long and can be read here in full.
What follows here is
the part of the article that describes how Thailand slowly arrived at
the Map Ta Phut crisis.
It provides the
details of government failure
for over a decade to pass the necessary laws to make important parts of
the 1997 "People's Constitution" into law.
Today's article begins
after the vocabulary:
Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate - one
of Thailand's largest industrial estates located in Rayong
(See interactive
map)
industrial estate, industrial
park - a
special area especially for factories with special facilities (roads,
transportation, water, electricity, waste disposal) (See Wikipedia)
symptom - some
sign or happening that shows or indicates an illness
institutions - a large system or set of customs that have
been part of a society for a long time
political institutions - the political system of a society
academic - a teacher or professor in a university or
college
political economy -
economics that emphasizes the role and influence of politics on
economic life and events (See Wikipedia)
social capital -
"the networks of relationships among persons, firms, and institutions
in a society, together with associated norms of behavior, trust,
cooperation, etc., that enable a society to function effectively" ( Source,
also See Wikipedia)
Opinion
INDUSTRY
Map Ta Phut spat
hides a colossal
failure
1/02/2010
Danny Unger and
Patcharee Siroros
High
stakes
...Clearly much is at stake in Map Ta Phut for Thailand's
economic and social environment
As Suranand Vejjajiva pointed out in a recent Bangkok Post
column (Jan 15) [Read here], the Map Ta Phut imbroglio also directs attention to the failure of a succession of governments since August
2007, when the current constitution gained approval, to adopt implementing legislation so that the constitution's Article 67 could be implemented.
As he notes, the
current way of handling environmental regulatory conflicts in Thailand carries costs in
time, money and lost opportunities.
spat
- an argument or disagreement, especially over something that seems
unimportant เรื่องทะเลาะเบาะแว้ง ในเรื่องไม่เป็นเรื่อง
colossal -
very big
stake - a share or a financial involvement in
something such as a business
high stakes - in
gambling, when a gambler can lose a lot of money on a bet
much is at stake - much
could be lost if events to not go right
pointed out - showed
imbroglio - a
very confusing and complicated situation
attention - when
you see and notice something
directs attention to - shows you that
succession
- series, one after another
current - of the present time ปัจจุบัน
constitution - the set of laws and basic principles
that a country in governed by รัฐธรรมนูญ
approval - official permission การอนุมัต
adopt - to accept or to start using something new
นำมาใช้
implementing - doing, making a plan
reality, doing the tasks in a plan
legislation - a law or set of laws suggested by a
government and made official by a parliament กฎหมาย, การออกกฎหมาย
Article 67 - "bans
industrial projects considered 'severely harmful' until four activities
have been undertaken: environmental impact assessment (EIA), health
impact assessment (HIA), public hearings within the community and an
opinion by an independent agency"
(See previous
article)
conflicts - angry disagreements between people or
groups ความขัดแย้ง
The failure to design
a mechanism that can give
investors a green light, protect community concerns about environmental and
health impacts and resolve conflicts
authoritatively
long precedes the 2007 constitution. The
1996 Public
Hearing
Rule called for environmental impact hearings for big projects. As
a result, these hearings became familiar to large numbers of Thais,
though the hearings did not always resolve conflicts. Many activists
criticised the "D-A-D syndrome" in which officials would first decide
on a project, and only then announce and subsequently defend project decisions.
As a result, controversies left many projects suspended in limbo.
mechanism - a
system designed to achieve goals
give a green light
- give permission, say that people can do some activity
community - the people living in one particular area
ชุมชน
concerns - worries ความกังวล
conflicts - disagreements, fights
resolve - to solve a problem, or to find a satisfactory way
of dealing with it แก้ไขปัญหา
resolve conflicts
authoritatively - solve and end disagreements (so
that they do not happen again, decisively)
precedes - comes
before, happened before
a hearing - an
official meeting which presents the facts of some issue before
a decision is made
a public hearing - a
hearing that is open to the public, the public can listen and respond
impact
- an effect or influence ผลกระทบ
environmental
impact - the negative effect that a project has on
the environment
defend - to say things to support someone or
something ปกป้อง
suspended - stopped temporarily
limbo - a situation of uncertainty สภาวะที่ไม่มั่นคง
controversies - issues
that people argue and debate about
Meanwhile,
the 1997 constitution called for community
participation
in
natural resource management
and making decisions on big projects (for example, Articles 46, 59, 76,
79, and 290.
The 1997 constitution,
however, did not specify procedures to enable participation in the approval
of big projects with major environmental effects. As a result, the
Prime Minister's Office in 1999 drafted a statute that the cabinet approved and sent to the
Office of the Council of State (OCS).
community participation - when
the opinion of people who live in a local area is used to make a
decision
natural resource - the
things that nature gives people in place like land, forests, oil,
minerals...
specify - to explain something in an exact and
detailed way ระบุ ชี้แจงรายละเอียด
enable - to make someone able to do something, or to
make something possible ทำให้เป็นไปได้
statute - a law which has been formally approved and
written down รัฐบัญญัติ, พระราชบัญญัติ, ฎหมาย
cabinet - the group of government ministers who make
and approve government policy คณะรัฐมนตรี
The OCS devoted
extensive
time and resources over the following years
attempting to produce a law that would gain wide support. By 2004,
13,000 copies of a revised draft law went to government
agencies, the media and local governments and the OCS
sponsored public hearings on the draft law on public hearings.
Despite this earnest effort, the bill faced strong criticism from many NGOs and was derailed.
resources
- things that you need to achieve something (money, workers
and equipment) ทรัพยากรู่
devoted resources to Y -
used resources in project Y
extensive - many
(a wide variety too)
draft - written for consideration, but not yet in
its final form ฉบับร่าง
media - newspapers, radio, television, etc. สื่อ
local - in or related to the area that you live, or
to the particular area that you are talking about ท้องถิ่น
earnest - serious and determined เอาจริงเอาจัง
effort - an attempt to do something ความพยายาม
bill - a written document containing a proposal for
a new law ญัตติ
criticism - when
people show the bad points and defects of something
NGO (Non-Governmental
Organization) - any
non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local,
national or international level, perform a variety of service and
humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate
and monitor policies and encourage political participation through
provision of information. Some are organized around specific issues,
such as human rights, environment or health (Source: ngo.org also see Wikipedia)
derailed -
failed
The Prime Minister's
Office then produced, via a more streamlined process, a revised version of the bill which the cabinet
issued in June 2005 as Prime
Minister's Office Order on Public Consultation, 2005
After the 2007
constitution was promulgated, the Surayud government attempted to
revise the June 2005 Order to serve as an organic law for Article 67.
Working with research done by the King Prajadhipok
Institute, representatives from the OCS, the National Economic and
Social Advisory Council, the Human Rights Commission and various NGOs
drafted a new bill
via
- through ผ่าน (ช่องทาง) ในที่นี้คือ ผ่านดาวเทียม
process - a series of actions that you take in order
to achieve a result แนวทางปฏิบัติ, กระบวน, วิธีการ
version - a particular form of something which
varies slightly from other forms of the same thing
version - a particular form of something which
varies slightly from other forms of the same thing
issued - made available ออกใหม่
Gothom Arya chaired
the Public Participation Committee within the National Legislative
Assembly and the legislature passed the public participation bill.
However, the legislature had approved the bill without a quorum and the Constitution Court
later upheld the Samak government's challenge to the bill.
One lesson that
emerges from this chronology of events is that Thais have long
recognised the need for wider public participation in public policy making, in large
part reflecting sensitivity to the environmental consequences of large energy, industrial
and infrastructural projects.
quorum
- the number of people that a committee needs to meet and
carry out its business
committee - a small group of people chosen to make certain
decisions in a large organisation
uphold, uphold a law - when a court says that a
decision was correct according to the law
challenge, a legal challenge - when people try to prove that
a decision is not legally correct
policy - a set of plans or action agreed on by a government,
political party, business, or other group นโยบาย
in a large part... - one
big reason why....
X reflecting Y -
X shows that Y
sensitivity - getting
easily angry or worried about something
consequences - results of effects of something
ผลที่ตามมา
Despite this
understanding, however, Thais have to date not been successful in
devising mechanisms to balance the voices of the diverse
interests
involved and to then (and this is crucial) reach an authoritative decision that will be
accepted as at least procedurally legitimate and, contingently, the by most of thoselast word
interests.
This failure is now evident in the impasse that has been reached in Map
Ta Phut....
have an interest in - will
gain or lose depending on decision (or depending on succcess or failure
of project)
diverse interests - a variety of people who will gain or
lose in different ways depending on the decision
crucial - extremely important because it effects the
result of something สำคัญยิ่ง
authoritative - powerful ซึ่งแสดงถึงอำนาจ
legitimate - correct according to the law
ที่ถูกต้องตามกฎหมาย, ชอบด้วยกฎหมาย
procedurally legitimate -
uses the legally correct procedure
contingently - depending on conditions
the last word - the
highest authority on the meaning, the opinion that is accepted above
all others
evident - can be seen, easy to see
impasse - a situation in which progress
is not possible and a project cannot move forward ทางตัน
(Source: Map Ta Phut spat hides a colossal failure, 1/02/2010, Danny
Unger and Patcharee Siroros, link)
Why global markets have
failed to reduce inequality
Nobel laureate
Eric Maskin explains
By Jon Fernquest
 The
American economist Eric Maskin was the recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in
economics for his groundbreaking work in game
theory and
"mechanism
design."
Dr. Maskin gave a series of talks and
lectures last month in Bangkok and Cambodia on the subject of "Why
global markets have failed to reduce
inequality" sponsored by the International
Peace Foundation (See
webpage).
The International
Peace Foundation
is an NGO based in Vienna that sponsors lecture
tours by Nobel
Prize laureates.
In today's article
Bangkok Post reporter Parista Yuthamanop interviews Dr. Maskin about
the topic of his lecture tour.
"Mechanism design" is
a field of study that can help sort out the byzantine
complexities
of telecommunications
policy.
This makes it potentially
useful in
Thailand's longstanding 3G and telecommunications impasse (See paper
on the famous FCC
spectrum auction designs in the US).
Also, if you are
interested in game theory, there is a wonderful course on this subject
downloadable for free from Yale (See webpage via @openculture).
Today's article begins
after the vocabulary:
Eric Maskin - Nobel
prize winning economist specializing in game theory and "mechanism
design" (See Wikipedia)
Nobel Prize in economics - the highest award for
achievement in economics that started in 1969 (See Wikipedia)
a recipient of Y - a
person who has received Y
groundbreaking
- doing something for the first time
game theory
- the mathematical study of strategy in games (See Wikipedia)
mechanism design, reverse
game theory - designing games or auctions "whose rules can
influence others to act the way he would like," can be used to create
policy to give people the right incentives to achieve policy goals (See
Wikipedia)
sort out - make
something complex easy for people to understand and control
byzantine - very
complex and difficult to understand
complexities - having
many different parts related to each other in difficult to understand
ways สิ่งที่ซับซ้อน, ประกอบด้วยส่วนต่างๆที่จุกจิก
telecommunications - communications by mobile
phone and old-style fixed line phone
policy - ideas
and plans used by government to make decisions in politics,
economic, social policy, etc...นโยบาย
potentially useful -
could be useful (don't know yet)
impasse - some
problem or issue that cannot be solved and prevents your project from
going forward and making progress
FCC (Federal Communications Commission) - the US
government agency in charge of radio and TV broadcasting (See Wikipedia)
spectrum -
the radio waves in the air that carry radio and TV broadcasts (See Wikipedia)
FCC spectrum auction - a
famous application of mechanism design to a practical problem, deciding
which companies get spectrum in the US (See paper
and PhD
dissertation with critical evaluation)
inequality - a
situation or condition where people are not equal (here: big
differences between the incomes of people in a country)
sponsored by... - paid
for by...
International
Peace Foundation - (Read about
the organisation)
NGO (Non-Governmental
Organization) - any
non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local,
national or international level, perform a variety of service and
humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate
and monitor policies and encourage political participation through
provision of information. Some are organized around specific issues,
such as human rights, environment or health (Source: ngo.org also see Wikipedia)
based in X - place
X is where their headquarters is (where they do, supervise or manage
their work from)
lecture tour
- a series of talks on a topic at universities, schools and other
public and private places
Nobel Prize laureates
- people who have won a Nobel prize
Economics
TRADE
Income disparities fruit
of free trade
2/02/2010 at 12:00 AM
Parista Yuthamanop
The closer link between trade and production
has enabled businesses worldwide to make
goods more cheaply and thrive. But many people agree that
rising income inequality has been one of the pitfalls
Eric
Maskin,
an American economist who won the 2007 Nobel Prize
in economics,
observed that countries in Latin America and Asia have witnessed increasing inequality since they
liberalised international trade.
trade - activity of
buying and selling goods between companies and countries
free trade - when
goods can be sold between countries with few trade barriers
trade barriers, barriers to trade -
laws, regulations and practices that prevent goods coming in from other
countries (See Wikipedia)
X fruit of Y - Y
caused X, X was the result of Y happening
disparities - big differences between
two things
income disparities - big differences income
(between two social groups)
link - to connect เชื่อมs
X enabled Y - X
happened and this made it possible for Y to happen
thrive - do
well economically, have high profits and high incomes
X witnessed Y - condition,
situation or event Y happened in X (or X saw Y happen)
liberalise -
make free
liberalised international
trade - make trade between different countries "free" by
reducing tariffs, quotas and other trade barriers
tariffs - taxes on goods imported into a country
quotas - limits on imports of a good from a country
Mexico, for example, quadrupled its international trade five
years after it signed a free trade
pact with
the US in 1975. But wages of high-skilled workers increased by 13%
while those of low-skilled workers declined by 14.
Prof Maskin said that
the "comparative
advantage" theory has failed to explain the widening
income gaps
that occur after trade
barriers
are removed. The theory hypothesised that once trade and services were
liberalised, production bases would relocate based on the distinguishing
factors for production in each country.
quadrupled - increased
to a level four times greater (example: from 10 to 40)
pact - agreement
free trade pact - an
agreement between countries to make the flow of goods between the
countries easier (by eliminating trade barriers)
advantage - a condition giving a greater chance of
success ความได้เปรียบ
comparative advantage - the
idea that a country's economy is most efficiently employed in
activities in which they perform relatively better than in others (See Wikipedia)
efficient - while
working and doing a task wasting the smallest amount of time, energ and
resources
theory - one or more ideas that explain how or why
something happens สมมติฐาน
widening income gaps - when
the rich become richer and the poor become poorer
relocate - to move someone or something to another
place โยกย้ายประชาชนออกจากบริเวณ
In the case of Mexico
and the US, the theory would lead to a scenario in which Mexico would shift to low-skilled production and
import high-skilled production of
goods from the US. The US would do the opposite
Ultimately, Mexico
could see a decline in wages of high-skilled workers because there is
less demand. It would have witnessed an
increase in wages of low-skilled workers because there is more demand.
scenario
- a description of possible actions or events in the future
shift - to transfer; to move from one place to
another เคลื่อนย้าย
import - to buy or bring in products from another
country นำเข้า
demand - the
need and desire of consumers to buy goods in an economy
International trade
and the production of goods has deepened over the past 25 years, owing
to significant decreases in communications
costs and the production of goods across borders. One premise is that such developments
will help to reduce poverty.
China and India have grown spectacularly over the past 20 years and
their successes have been highly related to the fact that they opened up
their economies.
international
trade has deepened - international trade has increased (and
includes more goods and sectors of the economy)
significant - important สำคัญ
premise - an
assumption, something you suppose is true and use to develop an
argument
poverty - the condition of being extremely poor
ความจน
grown spectacularly - increased
by a very large and surprising amount
opened up
their economies - reduced trade barriers and let more
foreign goods come into their country
It doesn't work that
way in recent globalisation," Prof Maskin said recently
in Bangkok in a forum held by International
Peace Foundation.
"And it makes people wonder perhaps if globalisation is not such a
good idea after all.
Even though inequality
has increased, so has average prosperity. So globalisation is not an all-out
failure.
forum
- a place where people can express their ideas and opinions
การประชุมแสดงความคิดเห็น
prosperity - the state of being successful and
having a lot of money ความเจริญรุ่งเรือง, ความมั่งคั่ง
globalisation -
an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures
have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of
communication and trade (See Wikipedia)
not such a good
idea after all - they tried the idea and learned
that it was a bad idea
an all-out
failure - a complete
failure
He proposed a new
theory which focuses on the fact that the rise in cross-border production would
affect workers at various skill levels in each country. The new theory
is based on a premise that the wealth of a country depends on its workforce's skill level
Cross-border production changes the distribution of labour
skills
among trade
partner countries
as more competition in the labour market will force workers to improve their capacity, he said
border
- the official line separating two areas, regions or countries เขตแดน
อาณาเขต
cross-border production -
when part of the production of a good purchased
in a country has taken place in another country
wealth - a large amount of จำนวนมาก มหาศาล
workforce - all
the workers in a company or whole economy
level - the amount of something ปริมาณ
distribution of labour skills - how labour skills
are spread out over different countries and different regions within a
country
trade partner countries -
the other countries that your country trades with (buys
goods from and sells goods to)
improve - to make better ทำให้ดีขึ้น
capacity - the amount of something that can be
produced ความสามารถในการ (ผลิต)
But it turns out that
not all workers could match the higher skills and lift their capacity
because those at the lowest end will be left to
fend for themselves.
As a result of the
rise in cross-border production, workers with the lowest skills will
see their wages decrease, while workers with higher skills will see
their pay packages get bigger. The situation
today is far different from that in the pre-globalised world, he said.
We need to make an
investment in the low-skilled labour of the world so they too can benefit from globalisation.
left to fend for themselves -
people or society is not helping them and has left them to take care of themselves
pay packages, compensation -
both the money and benefits such as health insurance that the employees
of a company receive for their work
benefit - to get help or an advantage from something
ผลประโยชน์
(Source: Income disparities fruit of
free trade, 2/02/2010, Parista Yuthamanop, link)
sniffing4
Government internet
"sniffing"
A violation of Thailand's own computer crime laws?
By Jon Fernquest
 Thailand
has already developed quite a reputation internationally for internet
censorship
recently.
This is clear from
looking at the map below prepared by Reporters
Without Borders
which shows countries "under surveillance" in red and "internet
blackholes," the most heavily censored countries, in black which might
even be called "electronic
police states."
In Thailand people
have been arrested recently for merely allegedly
spreading rumours
on the internet (Read article).
Freedom
of speech
on the internet has become a global issue of great importance. US
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton recently gave an important speech on
internet freedom (Read speech and Wikipedia).
The internet, however,
has also become a popular place to commit
crimes
and evade
detection.
Police surveillance of the internet has been likened to the use of surveillance
cameras
to catch criminals.
Recently, con artists used Thailand as a base for swindling innocent victims in China and
Taiwan (Read article). Transnational
crime has
also been on the rise in Thailand (Read article).
Perhaps the major
concern
with internet surveillance is that it might be misused by
corrupt or incompetent police, military and
government officials. Objections may be justified given incompetence displayed
by government officials in the recent bomb
detector scandal
(Follow @bangkokpundit on this issue)
 The current ICT Minister Ranongrak Suwanchawee has also been under constant
criticism for focusing solely on negative internet censorship and not
contributing to any positive use of the internet (Read article).
In today's article an
expert who helped draft the laws even states that internet
sniffing would be a violation of Thailand's new computer laws.
(Photo on right of surveillance
cameras
which internet is likened to in the article below)
reputation - the
opinion people have of you, whether you are good or bad
censorship - when
the government cuts parts out of publications, movies and other media
and publications that it does not like (See Wikipedia)
internet censorship - when
the government blocks and prevents public access to internet webpages
(See Wikipedia)
Reporters Without Borders
- a Paris-based international organization that advocates freedom of
the press founded in 1985 (See Wikipedia)
electronic police state -
a country or state where the police watch everything that
people do via the internet, for example they even know what you are
buying and what is happening in your bank account (See Wikipedia)
surveillance - the process of carefully watching a
person or place การเฝ้าตรวจตราอย่างเข้มงวด
allegedly - claimed
but not yet proven
rumour - a piece of
information or claim that passes from person to person (word-of-mouth)
without evidence to
prove it (See Wikipedia)
spread rumours - tell
rumours to other people, who will tell to even more people, and so
on....
freedom of speech - the
freedom to speak without censorship and/or limitation (See Wikipedia)
commit crimes - do
or carry out an activity that is considered a crime
evade detection - prevent
people from knowing what you are doing
swindling - deceive,
cheat or lie to get money from someone
con artists - swindlers,
criminals who cheat or scam people out of money (See Wikipedia
on confidence trick)
transnational crime - when
a criminal or gang engages in crime in many different countries
อาชญากรรมข้ามชาติ
major concern -
the thing that people are most worried about
incompetent - does
not know what they are doing, does not have the necessary skills to do
assigned tasks in job
objections - the
reasons why people disagree
justified -
when something questionable is proven right
bomb detection scandal -
the recent revelation that the Thai army has been sold fraudulent bomb
detectors (See major
BBC story)
revelation - when
you learn an important fact
fraudulent - cheating
someone by lieing to them
ICT - Information
and Communications Technologies, the topic of computer-based
information systems, particularly software applications and computer
hardware (See Wikipedia)
Ranongrak Suwanchawee - the
current ICT minister (See background)
surveillance cameras - video
cameras used to watch what is going on in a place to prevent theft or
illegal entry, in places such as banks, casinos, airports, military
installations, and convenience stores (See Wikipedia)
COMPUTER-RELATED CRIME
Data-interception
technology sparks privacy vs safety
arguments
27/01/2010
Suchit Leesa-nguansuk
Experts have raised concerns over whether using Sniffer
software to
resolve suspicious internet activity violates the Computer-related Crime
Act B.E. 2550.
Sniffer is a combination of hardware and software to intercept data or detect data traffic in networks. Different Sniffers may have
various depending on their configurationsdesignation and final usage.
interception
- the process of stopping, hitting, catching or controlling someone or
something while they are moving สกัดจับ
privacy - the freedom to do things without other
people watching you or knowing what you are doing ความเป็นส่วนตัว
concerns - worries ความกังวล
Sniffer software -
software used for internet surveillance
resolve - to solve a problem, or to find a
satisfactory way of dealing with it แก้ไขปัญหา
suspicious - making you believe that something is
wrong, dangerous or illegal น่าสงสัย
violates - broke or acted against something,
especially a law,
agreement, principle or something that should be treated with respect
ละเมิด
combination - the mixture you get when two or more
things are combined การรวมกัน
intercept - to stop and catch something or someone
before they are able to reach a particular place สกัด
data - facts or information used for making
calculations or decisions ข้อมูล
detect - to notice, to discover or find out พบได้,
สังเกต
traffic -
many things moving from one place to another place
data traffic - lots
of data moving from one place to another place
network - a large system of connected
parts, organisations, people, etc. เครือข่าย
networks, computer
networks - a system of connected computers such as the
internet (or a small "intranet" within a company)
configurations - arrangements
designation - what
something is called, how it is classified
usage - the way that something is used
It is suggested that the technology should only be used for data
interception where there is a strong legal case for suspicion, rather than detecting all
traffic, which would violate data privacy
The ICT Ministry
considers Sniffer to be one method in the cabinet's resolution to reduce the piracy of intellectual
property
in Thailand.
suspicion
- a feeling that something bad is probably true or likely to happen
ความสงสัย
violate - to do something that is against a law,
rule or agreement ฝ่าฝืนกฎหมาย, ละเมิดกฏหมาย
one - sided (of a competition) a situation where one
competitor or team easily defeats another ชนะอย่างง่ายได้
resolution - an official decision that is made after
a group or organisation have voted มติ
piracy - the
act of copying and selling illegal copies การละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์
a pirate - someone
without the right to sell who sells DVDs, software, video tapes, or
luxury brands ผู้ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์
pirated products, pirated
goods -
illegal cheap copies and imitations of valuable goods
สินค้าของปลอมที่ผลิตเลียนแบบสินค้าแบรนด์เนม
intellectual property (IP) - property
rights created through the (intellectual) discovery efforts of a
creator that are protected under patent, trademark, copyright, and
trade secret laws (See Wikipedia) กฎหมายลิขสิทธิ์
However, there are objections to Sniffer in the cyber community to due to concerns it will violate their
privacy, including an official "Thailand No Sniffer" Facebook
group.
Ajin
Jirachiefpattana, Executive Director, ICT Industry
Promotion Bureau, said there is a plan to ask internet service
providers to implement Sniffer to intercept all data
traffic for analysing the transfer of potentially suspicious data.
objections
- feeling or expressing opposition to or dislike of something or
someone การไม่เห็นด้วย
community - a group of people sharing the same
interests or living in the same area
due to - because of
concerns - issues
or things that you are worried about
violate privacy -
Facebook - a popular "social networking" site where
people socialize, exchange information and meet new people (See Wikipedia)
Facebook
group - a group of friends or people with the same
interests on Facebook
implement - to make something such as an idea, plan,
system or law start to work and be used นำมาใช้ นำ
แผนหรือนโยบายมาปฏิบัติ
transfer - to move someone or something from one
place, vehicle, person or group to another ย้าย
potentially - possible in the future
ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นได้, เป็นไปได้
Using Sniffer to
intercept data in the public internet is similar to CCTV in public areas in that it
aids the police in their attempts to create and maintain safer environments. Sniffer
offers a proactive way to identify and monitor suspicious websites showing
unusual traffic patterns.
Under the current system, the authority has to ask for court approval to take down suspicious sites, which it more of a reactive approach.
CCTV (Close Circuit TV), security
camera - video cameras used to watch what is going on in
a place, to prevent theft or illegal entry, in places such as banks,
casinos, airports, military installations, and convenience stores (See Wikipedia)
maintain - to keep รักษา
identify - to recognise something and understand
what it is ชี้ ระบตัวุ
monitor - to regularly check something or watch
someone in order
to find out what is happening ตรวจสอบ ตรวจตรา เฝ้าจับตาดู ติดตาม,
เฝ้าสังเกต
current - of the present time ปัจจุบัน
authority - power อำนาจ
approval - official permission การอนุมัต
court approval -
when a court of law says it is ok to do something (making it legal to
do)
take down sites - remove
a website from the internet
approach - a way of doing or dealing with something
การจัดการกับปัญหา
reactive approach - doing
something only after an event happens (opposite: proactive = doing
something before an event happens)
However, using this
technology requires co-operation from ISPs to set up Sniffer at their gateway, and the ICT Ministry has to
ask the NTC for help in issue policy mandates to compel ISPs under their license to
Act on this.
The ICT Ministry has a
120-million-baht budget for technology investment to
correctly and analyse internet data which may harm national security, but this money cannot be put
to use if we cannot use Sniffer," said Ajin
co-operation (noun) - the
act of working with other people to
help them achieve a goal การทำงานเป็นทีม
ISPs - Internet
Service Providers, a company that provides access to the internet (See Wikipedia)
set up X - create and arrange X for the first time
gateway - a place on a computer network that
connects with other networks (See Wikipedia)
issue - officially announced ออกประกาศ
policy - a set of plans or action agreed on by a
government, political party, business, or other group นโยบาย
mandates - having the power and authority to carry
out a policy or do a task
compel - to force someone to do something บังคับ
budget - an amount of money able to be spent on
something งบประมาณ
harm - damage ความเสียหาย
national - a citizen of a particular country ประชาชน
security - the need to provide safety from attack,
harm or damage ความปลอดภัย
Morakot Kulathamyotin,
chair of the Thai Internet Association, said the association still has
not been formally
acknowledged
by the ICT Minister, although as
a commercial company they do everything to
comply with the law.
In terms of technical perspective, there is a big barrier to establishing sufficient machine capacity to monitor and store all data
traffic without slowing down network speed.
acknowledge - accept
and admit that something is true or exists
formally acknowledged - a person with authority (speaking
for the government, for example) accepts and admits some fact as true
commercial - for business purposes
comply - to obey a rule or a law การปฏิบัติตามกฎ
terms - conditions; requirements ข้อกำหนด
perspective - a particular way of considering
something ทัศนคติ
barrier - anything that prevents people from being
together or understanding each other อุปสรรค
sufficient - enough เพียงพอ
capacity - the amount of something that can be
produced ความสามารถในการ (ผลิต)
You could think of
using Sniffer as similar to setting up police
checkpoints
on the roads, which makes traffic slow down," said Morakot
She continued that
normal procedure is for police to apply for search warrants once they suspect a website of publishing illegal content, although logistically it is
impossible to search every suspect's address. They must also obtain
court orders
before they can block websites. ISPs do already co-operate
in these efforts under the Computer-related Crime Act and Securities
and Exchange
police checkpoints - a
place on the road where the police stop cars and trucks and check them
for illegal things such as drugs
procedure - a way of doing something
ขั้นตอนการดำเนินการ
apply - to make use of something นำมาใช้
search - to look somewhere carefully in order to
find something ค้นหา
suspect - a person thought to have committed a crime
ผู้ต้องสงสัย
illegal - against the law ผิดกฎหมาย
content - the subject, ideas, or story that a piece
of writing or a radio or television programme deals with เนื้อหา,สาระ
address - a place where a person lives
obtain court orders - get
a court of law to force people to do something
block - to stop something from moving through
something ปิดกั้น, กีดขวาง
block websites -
prevent people in an area, country or computer network from accessing
and looking at a website
Computer-related Crime Act -
Thailand's new 2007 law on cyber crime (See translation andsummary)
Sujate Jantarang,
President, Mahanakorn University of Technology,
who is a law and technology expert who previously worked in revising
the Computer-related Crime Act law, said if the ICT Ministry used
Sniffer
or other data-interception technology, the government would be in violation of the Computer Related Crime
ACT B.E. 2550, section 8
This is because if
data which is not for public use is intercepted and
sent into the computer system, the government action will be deemed to have acted illegally.
There needs to be a
balance of freedom and duty. If we are comparing Sniffer
with CCTV, then consider that CCTV should only be used in front of the house and is now
allowed to zoom inside the house, as that would violate privacy," said
Sujate.
Any misuse of private data, especially
banking information, could damage Thailand reputation and economy.
revising - rewriting
and improving
violation - the breaking of a rule or a law การฝ่าฝืน
deemed - considered เห็นว่า ถือว่า
duty - something that you have to do because it is
part of your
job, or something that you feel is the right thing to do หน้าที่,
ความรับผิดชอบ
misuse - to use something in an unsuitable way or in
a way that was not intended ใช้ในทางที่ผิด
reputation - the opinion people have about how good
or bad someone or something is ชื่อเสียง, ความนับหน้าถือตา
Today's process is already quick to enforce, because the court can issue
warrants in 24 hours," he emphasised.
A security expert source said other countries the
United
States also uses the lawful interception model in its Communications
Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) , and makes clear that
telecommunications carriers have a duty to co-operate in the
interception of communications for law enforcement purposes.
CALEA's purpose is to enhance the ability of law
enforcement and intelligence agencies to conduct electronic surveillance
by requiring that telecommunications carriers and manufacturers of
telecommunications equipment modify and design their equipment, facilities, and services to ensure that they have built-in
surveillance capabilities.
process
- a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result
แนวทางปฏิบัติ, กระบวน, วิธีการ
enforce - to make sure laws are obeyed
source - someone who gives information แหล่งข่าว
Communications
Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) - a US law
passed in 1994 that requires telecommunications companies to provide
surveillance capability to law enforcement (See Wikipedia)
"CALEA's purpose is to
enhance the ability of law enforcement and intelligence agencies to
conduct electronic surveillance by requiring that telecommunications
carriers and manufacturers of telecommunications equipment modify and
design their equipment, facilities, and services to ensure that they
have built-in surveillance capabilities, allowing federal agencies to
monitor all telephone, broadband internet, and VoIP traffic in
real-time."
surveillance - the process of carefully watching a
person or place การเฝ้าตรวจตราอย่างเข้มงวด
enforcement - the process of making sure that
something happens, especially that people obey a law or rule
การบังคับใช้กฎหมาย
law enforcement
- policing activity, making sure that those who
broke the law are caught, tried and punished (See Wikipedia)
enhance - to improve the quality, amount or strength
of something ทำให้ดีเพิ่มขึ้น, ปรับปรุง, ทำให้ดีขึ้น, เสริม ยกระดับ
เพิ่มทวี
intelligence - information collected about the
secret plans of an enemy, criminal organisations, competitors, etc.
ข่าวกรอง ข้อมูลลับ
conduct - to do something in an organised way; to
carry out
facilities - the buildings, equipment and services
provided for a particular purpose สิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก
ensure - to make certain that something happens or
is done รับรอง ให้ความมั่นใจ ให้การยืนยัน ย้ำ
built-in -
included in equipment or a machine when it is manufactured or built
capabilities - things
that a person, machine or organization can do
built-in surveillance
capabilities - when a machine can watch what people are
doing
(Source: COMPUTER-RELATED CRIME, Data-interception
technology sparks privacy vs safety
arguments,
27/01/2010, Suchit Leesa-nguansuk, link)
broadcastmilitary2.html
The military and Thai
broadcasting
By Jon Fernquest
 The
role of the military in Thai broadcasting was the focus of an important
article published in the Bangkok Post earlier this month.
Read a previous
article on the
longstanding ownership of Thai broadcasting by the state and the army.
For previous articles on this topic check out the ReadBangkokPost
archives on Media
and Telecommunications and also Easy
Business English.
Here is the article in
full:
Telecommunications
Men in green want
to stay on air.
7/01/2010
Mongkol Bangprapa and
Nattaya Chetchotiros
The armed forces, which control about half the
nation's radio stations, want more say in the industry's management
Armed forces pressure
is behind a lower house committee's decision to add another step to the selection of the National
Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission, sources say.
The committee working
on the bill to set up the NBTC has added
a new selection process to help make sure men in
uniform are represented on the commission, a committee source, who declined to be named,
said yesterday
The powerful body will
allocate
airwave frequencies.
men in green - soldiers,
military people (because they wear green uniforms)
on air, on the air - broadcasting a TV or radio program
armed forces -
the military (army, navy, air force)
National Broadcasting and
Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) - a
proposed combined telecoms and broadcasting regulator
bill - a written document containing a proposal for
a new law ญัตติ
process - a series of actions that you take in order
to achieve a result แนวทางปฏิบัติ, กระบวน, วิธีการ
commission - a group of people who have been
formally chosen to
discover information about a problem or examine the reasons why the
problem exists คณะกรรมการ, คณะกรรมาธิการ
source - someone who gives information แหล่งข่าว
allocate - to officially give out an amount of or
share of something แบ่งส่วน, จัดสรร, จัดแบ่ง
airwave frequencies - the limited channels used to
send radio and television to the audience (See Wikipedia
on electromagnetic spectrum)
The military
was unhappy with the process and qualifications of members who will sit on
the NBTC, committee members said.
The original plan
called for 22 candidates to be selected from eight professional
groups
such as
broadcasters,
consumer groups and
universities.
Each would nominate a representative from among their number.
The new plan calls for
an additional panel made up of representatives
from 15 independent, public and state agencies, including the permanent secretary for defence, to search for 22 contenders.
qualifications
- the abilities, qualities, degrees, etc. that you need for a
particular job or activity
a profession - a
job requiring advanced education and training (for example:doctor,
lawyer, architect)
professional groups - groups
of people working in the same profession
broadcasters - people
working in the broadcasting industry (radio, TV)
consumer - someone who buys and uses goods and
services ผู้บริโภค
nominate - to formally propose someone for a job
เสนอชื่อ, เสนอชื่อบุคคลเข้ารับตำแหน่ง
representative - a person who represents and makes
decisions for a group of people
panel - a group of people who make decisions or
judgments คณะกรรมการ
independent - not taking help or money from other
people พึ่งตนเอง
state - government รัฐบาล
state agencies
- government departments under large
ministries
permanent - happening or existing for a long time or
for all time in the future ถาวร
permanent secretary for
defense - a high level official in the defense
ministry (not a person currently serving as a soldier)
search - to look somewhere carefully in order to
find something ค้นหา
contenders - people
competing or fighting for the same limited thing
All 44 candidates'
names would be forwarded to the Senate, which would pick 11 people from
the list to sit on the NBTC.
PM's Office Minister
Sathit Wongnongtoey yesterday denied the armed
forces had put
pressure on
the committee to come up with the added
selection process.
But Mr Sathit, who chairs the
committee,
said the armed forces should be part of the selection process.
A member of the
committee disagreed, saying the armed forces had asked the panel
several times to allow it to take part in the screening process.
''Many committee
members feel uneasy,'' the member said
''The armed forces
control many radio and
television frequencies. It is a conflict of
interest
to have the permanent secretary for defence selecting candidates for
the NBTC.''
denied Y - said Y
was not true
put pressure on -
tried to force someone to do something
come up with -
create
chairs the committee - heads
or leads the committee (group of decision-makers)
take part in -
join in, work together in
screening - looking closely
at possible choices and then choosing one
radio and television
frequencies - the limited channels used to send radio and
television to the audience (same as "airwave frequencies"
above)
conflict of
interest - when personal
gain conflicts with the duties of your job (See Wikipedia)
Once approved by the legislative
body, the
11-member NBTC will have sole authority to allocate
frequencies,
most of them now under the military and state agencies
The armed forces
control almost half the nation's 524 radio
stations, and two television stations, bringing in millions of baht a
year to the military, the Campaign for Popular Media Reform says.
''Telecoms and
broadcasting frequencies are a lucrative
business if their owners face no competition,'' said Pirongdhrong
Ramasoota, a lecturer with Chulalongkorn University's communication
arts faculty, who is a committee member.
sole
- only เดี่ยวๆ
authority - power อำนาจ
authority - the power to make decisions or tell
people what to do อำนาจ, อำนาจในการสั่งการ
lucrative - earning a lot of money, profitable
ที่มีกำไรงาม
faculty - a group of departments in a college which
specialize in a particular subject or group of subjects คณะ
''The controllers can subcontract them to others.''
Demands to use
frequencies will increase as the country enters the
digital age, but in the meantime the number of frequencies is
limited.
The military is monitoring
progress
of the committee plan to select
candidates to sit on the NBTC because it directly affects its
interests.
It also wants to add a
qualification that candidates be security experts, to make it easier
for the military to get its people on the NBTC.
subcontract - hire
another company to to do the work
monitor - watch closely and check (some process as it
happens)
progress - moving
forward with project, getting closer to achieving goals
affects its interests -
they will either gain or lose, depending on what happens
security - the need to provide safety from attack,
harm or damage ความปลอดภัย
Sitthiphorn
Bhadrasena, director-general of the Defence Information and Space
Technology Department, urged the committee at a meeting on
Nov 26 to add a proviso for candidates to be security experts
The armed forces need
to use frequencies for their own purposes. New-age warfare relies on
technology to disrupt
malign communications,
Lt Gen Sitthiphorn told the panel
urged
- advised someone very strongly about what action should be taken วิงวอน
disrupt - to prevent something from continuing as
usual or as expected ทำให้ยุ่งเหยิง, ทำให้ยุ่งยาก
malign - causing harm
communications - exchanging information with other people by
writing or speaking
Col Orathai
Amornsri, of the Broadcasting, Televisions and
Telecommunications Office, said the troubles in the lower South
justified
the military controlling their own frequencies
''The Defence Ministry
has to use radio and television frequencies for security purposes to counter southern insurgents and those posting lese majeste messages on the
internet,'' she said
X
justified Y - X was a reason for Y
counter - to take action to oppose or stop something
ต่อต้าน
insurgents -
a group of people fighting against the government and army of
their own country
But Suparb Kleekajai,
a committee member, told the November meeting
there was no need to add security expertise to the list of
qualifications for NBTC candidates because
the commissioners could
always consult security experts if
necessary.
Puea Thai Party
representatives on the committee, still upset about the military coup which
toppled Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra from office in 2006, also oppose attempts by the military to
push for its people on the NBTC.
The military should be
driven
out of the
broadcasting business, Sunai Jullapongsathorn said in November
Sa-nguan Pongmanee,
from the same party, said the additional
selection process would undermine the credibility of the whole
process.
expertise -
knowledge and experience that a person has in a special type of work or
subject
qualifications
- achievements (education, jobs, experience)
that shows that you are a good choice for a position
consult - to ask for information or advice from
someone หารือ
upset - very sad, worried or angry about something
วิตก กังวล, ทำให้หงุดหงิด
oppose - to disagree with or not approve of a plan
or policy คัดค้าน
driven out of -
forced to leave
party - one of the people or groups of people
involved in an official argument, arrangement or similar situation
คู่กรณี
undermine - cause weakness, make someone become
gradually less effective, confident, or successful ทำให้อ่อนลง,
บ่อนทำลาย, ทำให้กร่อน
credibility - the degree to which something can be
believed or trusted ความน่าเชื่อถือ,ความน่าไว้วางใจ
''The original process
was transparent. The additional one has been
set up with a clear purpose [to help the military],'' he said
The committee was reluctant to boost the role of the armed forces in the
decision-making process to select the NBTC members
However, it was also aware of the need to seek the
military's help in getting the bill through the Senate
''The senate committee
working on the bill will comprise many people in
uniform,''
Chulalongkorn University's Mrs Pirongrong said.
aware
- knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a
particular thing ทราบ
transparent - not keeping anything secret; open
โปร่งใส
reluctant - not willing to do something ลังเลใจ
boost - to increase; to strengthen เพิ่ม;
ทำให้มีกำลังมากขึ้น
role - the purpose or influence of someone or
something in a particular situation บทบาท
comprise - to consist or be made up of two or more
things ประกอบด้วย
people in uniform - soldiers,
people in the military (army, navy, air force)
(Source: Telecommunications, Men in
green
want to stay on air, 7/01/2010, Mongkol Bangprapa
and Nattaya Chetchotiros, link)
World Bank's Global
Economic Prospects
2010 report released
By Jon Fernquest
 The
World
Bank
released its report on the global economy this week (Download
for free).
Award-winning Bangkok
Post reporter Parista Yuthamanop discusses how findings in the report are relevant
for Thailand and the rest of Asia:
prospects - what
might happen in the future
World Bank - a bank
that loans money to poor countries around the world with the goal of
reducing poverty (See
Wikipedia)
findings - what
has been decided or concluded after a study or research
Economics
World Bank tells Asia to
shift tack
Parista Yuthamanop
22/01/2010
Region
advised to focus on longer term.
Developing countries
should begin shifting policies away from short-term economic stimulus to more medium-term priorities as global demand is likely to be lower than pre-crisis levels, according to the
World Bank
The global economic recovery will be subdued over the next two years, as
countries begin winding down their stimulus programmes and
the inventory cycle
wanes.
shift - change
shift tack - change direction, change policy
stimulus - a set of programmes, especially
government spending
programmes, designed to start an economy growing again
แผนกระตุ้นหรือฟื้นฟูเศรษฐกิจ
medium-term - over the next 2 to 10 years in the
future
global - throughout the world ทั่วโลก
global demand - all
the goods and services that people around the world want or need to buy
crisis - an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation
วิกฤต
pre-crisis -
before the recent economic crisis
recovery - the process of becoming normal and
healthy again ฟื้นฟูสภาพ
subdued - quiet,
not very active
inventory - the products by a business, kept in a
shop, warehouse, etc., in this case, unsold cars สินค้าที่จัดเก็บในสต๊อก
inventory cycle - the
level of inventories kept by businesses moves with the business cycle,
businesses stop producing and let their inventories run down during bad
economic times (some economists say that production and employment
cannot fully recover until inventories fall)
the business cycle - the
way economies go up and down with bad economic times with low
incomes being followed by good times with high incomes and so on,
repeated over and over again
inventory cycle wanes - the overall level of inventories
kept by businesses in the economy falls
Consumption and bank lending will also be subdued as
households and financial
institutions
rebuild their balance sheets, the bank said in its "Global Economic
Prospects 2010" report
Hans Timmer, the
director for the World Bank's Development Prospects Group, said global
economic growth over the next few years is unlikely to be sufficient to absorb the loss in jobs and
productivity from the 2009 recession
lending
- giving money to someone who agrees to pay it back in the future
การให้ยืม
institutions - large and important organizations,
such as universities or banks สถาบัน
financial institutions - banks (and other companies
that operate like banks)
unlikely - not expected to happen; probably won't
happen ที่ไม่น่าจะเกิดขึ้น
sufficient - enough เพียงพอ
absorb - to take in a liquid, gas or other substance
form the surface or space around ซึมซับ ดูดกลืน
recession - a period when trade and industry are not
successful and there is a lot of unemployment ภาวะเศรษฐกิจถดถอย
The World Bank
projects global economic growth of 2.7% this year and 3.2% in 2011,
compared with a decline of 2.2% in 2009
The banking crisis
would curb new lending, affecting
demand. The soft recovery and the depth of
the recession
would also result in huge excess capacity and high unemployment
For developing
countries, China would be the main growth engine, thanks to its
continued economic expansion and productivity gains over
the past decade. The World Bank projects the
East Asia and Pacific region to grow 8.1% in 2010, compared with 6.8% last year
curb
- to control or limit something that is harmful จำกัดขอบเขต
soft
recovery - not a strong recovery (many problems such as
unemployment and reduced consumption still remain)
depth of the recovery - how serious the recession is
(much damage it does to businesses and personal incomes)
depth - the distance down either from
the top of something to the bottom, or to a distance below the top
surface of something ความลึก
excess - greater than is usual; too much of
something มากเกินปริมาณที่พอดี
capacity - the amount of something that can be
produced ความสามารถในการ (ผลิต)
expansion - when something increases in size, number
or importance การขยายออก
decade - a period of ten years ทศวรรษ, ระยะเวลา 10 ปี
China is important to
the world's exports, with a smaller
share
[of exports]
but a much higher growth
rate," Mr
Timmer said. "The benefit of China's productivity comes in the form of lower
product prices as they can produce at cheaper costs
The World Bank expects
the Chinese economy to grow 8% this year, compared with 6.8% in 2009.
More developed countries such as the US and Japan would post more modest growth of 1.8% in 2010 and 2% in
2011, compared with a contraction of 3.3% last year
smaller
share of exports - smaller part or percentage of
exports
rate - the level or speed at which something happens
or changes,
or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular
period อัตรา
benefit - a good thing or advantage you get
from something ผลประโยชน์
productivity - how
much is produced with a given fixed level of resources (labour,
machines, land)
modest - not large in size or amount ไม่มากมาย
modest growth -
growth that is not large
post more modest growth -
record growth statistics that are not as large as
before
contraction - a shortened form of a word or
combination of words which is often used instead of the full form in
spoken English คำย่อ
Mr Timmer said the
global economy would need a certain period of high growth to strengthen
economic fundamentals. He estimated Asian developing economies would
need annual growth of 6% to 6.5% to help
absorb new workers entering the labour force and support productivity
gains
The World Bank advises
Asian countries to shift their policies more toward productivity
improvements, including financial sector reforms
Mr Timmer noted that
the cost of borrowing in the international market was "too low, for too
long" in the years leading to the crisis, and that costs would increase
in the future
annual
- happening once a year ประจำปี
sector - a part of a country's economy or business
activity ภาคเศรษฐกิจของประเทศ
Asian economies are
likely to tighten bank regulations to safeguard against destabilising
capital flows.
At the same time, bank competition should be allowed to increase to
help reduce borrowing costs for small and medium-sized companies
regulations
- official rules that control the way things are done ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ
safeguard - protect
from danger
capital - money
invested in businesses
capital flows -
investment money coming
into and going
out of a country from other countries
destabilising capital
flows - investment money from other countries that can
hurt an economy (why? sudden large inflows and outflows can lead to
large exchange rate changes and changes in capital availability which
makes it difficult to plan for the future in a business)
Thai exports to China
rose to a 17-month high in December with year-on-year
growth of
26%, helping reduce the overall decline in exports last year to 14%
compared with a 23% year-on-year drop in the first half.
The World Bank
projects Thai economic growth this year of 3.5%, rising to 4% in 2011,
compared with a contraction
of 2.7%
last year
But business
executives are concerned that the appreciation of the
baht and the slow resolution of the Map Ta Phut case could
impede growth
year-on-year - this
year compared to last year during the same month
contraction -
growing smaller, shrinking
concerned - worried about something มีความกังวล
resolution - solving
a problem
impede -
prevent or stop something from happening
Pongsak Assakul, a
vice-chairman of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, said the Map Ta Phut case may push investors to relocate to other Asean countries, particularly given the similar tax benefits
gained under the Asean Free Trade Area
Map Ta Phut, Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate - one
of Thailand's largest industrial estates located in Rayong
(See interactive
map)
industrial park, industrial estate - a
special area especially for factories with special facilities (roads,
transportation, water, electricity, waste disposal) (See Wikipedia)
relocate - to move someone or something to another
place โยกย้ายประชาชนออกจากบริเวณ
relocate - to move someone or something to another
place โยกย้ายประชาชนออกจากบริเวณ
particularly - especially, or more than usual
โดยเฉพาะ
given - because of a particular fact
(Source: World Bank tells Asia to shift
tack, Parista Yuthamanop, 22/01/2010, link)
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