Building your vocabulary: The A (H1N1) pandemic
We have been reading about the spread of the A
(H1N1) virus for many months now and we can already see that news
writers are using a particular set of vocabulary to describe it. Here
are some of the key words and phrases we have seen so far.acute – very serious เฉียบพลันและรุนแรง
adopt – to accept or to start using something new นำมาใช้
ailment – an illness, usually not a serious one
alert level – the level at which authorities are prepared to deal with a danger
at risk – in danger ตกอยู่ในความเสี่ยง
attenuated – weakened อ่อนกำลัง
batch – a group of things considered similar in type ชุด, พวก, กลุ่ม
capacity – the amount of something that can be producedความสามารถในการ (ผลิต)
categorise - to put people or things into groups with the same features จัดกลุ่ม, จัดประเภท
chronic – (of a disease or pain) serious and lasting for a long time เป็นประจำ
clinical – involving working with people who are ill
clinical trial – a research study that tests how well new medical treatments work in people, i.e., whether they are safe and effective
contain – to prevent from spreading; to keep within limits จำกัด,ควบคุมไว้
contract – to become infected with a disease ติดเชื้อ
cough – to force air up through your throat with a sudden noise, especially when you have a cold ไอ
critical – very seriously ill or injured and might die
cure – to stop someone from being affected by an illness, i.e., to bring them back to good health รักษา
death toll – the number of people killed ยอดผู้เสียชีวิต
diagnose – to find out what physical or mental problem someone has by examining them วินิจฉัย,ตรวจโรค
diagnosis (plural diagnoses) – a statement about what disease someone has based on examining them การวินิจฉัยโรค
diminish – to gradually become less ลดลง, อ่อนแรง
disinfection – making something clean by treating it with a substance that kills disease causing organisms
dose – an amount of drug that has been measured so that you can take it ปริมาณยาที่ให้ต่อครั้ง
emergency – an unexpected situation involving danger in which immediate action is necessary เหตุฉุกเฉิน
epidemic – a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community
epidemiologist a scientist who studies the spread and control of diseases นักระบาดวิทยา
excessive – much greater than is usual; too much of something มากเกินปริมาณที่พอดี
fast-tracked – carried out in a way that is faster than normal
fatality – a death cased by illness, war, an accident, violence, etc.
fever – an abnormally high body temperature
flare-up – outbreak แพร่ระบาด
global – throughout the world ทั่วโลก
immune system – the various cells and tissues in the body which make it able to protect itself against infection ระบบภูมิคุ้มกันโรค
in check – under control
infected – having a disease transmitted from someone else ซึ่งติดเชื้อ
infection – a disease or medical condition that is caused by a bacteria or by a virus or a parasite การติดเชื้อ
injection – putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle and a syringe การฉีดยา
in line with – following a rule or system; also in accordance with and consistent with สอดคล้องกับ
insist – to keep saying very firmly that something is true ยืนกราน ยืนยัน
investigate – to try to find out the facts about something in order to learn the truth about it ตรวจสอบหาความจริง
isolation – the state of being separated form other people
lesion – a damaged part of an organ, such as the lungs or the brain
lung – one of the two organs in your chest that fill with air when you breathe
(face) mask – something that you wear to cover part or all of your face หน้ากาก
measure – an action taken to solve a problem or deal with something มาตรการ
mild – not strong เบา, ไม่หนัก, ไม่รุนแรง
minimise – to reduce something harmful or unpleasant to the smallest amount or degree
monitor – to regularly check something or watch someone in order to find out what is happening ตรวจสอบ ตรวจตรา
mortality rate – the rate at which people die from something, especially a disease
mucus – a liquid produced in some parts of your body, for example, the inside of your nose เมือก น้ำมูก
nasal – related to the nose
nasal discharge – a liquid which comes out the nose
outbreak – the sudden start of a disease, a war, violence, etc. การระบาดของโรค
pandemic – a disease that affects almost everyone in a very large area โรคที่มีการแพร่กระจายหรือระบาดไปทั่ว
panic –to have a sudden strong feeling of fear or worry and be unable to think clearly or calmly or decide what to do
patient – someone who is receiving medical treatment คนป่วย, คนไข้
prescribe – (of a doctor) to say what kind of drug or treatment someone should receive สั่งจ่ายยา
prevalence – the level at which something is present ความแพร่หลาย
preventive measure – an action taken to make sure something bad or unpleasant doesn’t happen
prompt – to cause something to happen or be done
provoke – to cause a reaction ก่อให้เกิด
quarantine – a situation in which a person or animal that might have a disease is kept separate from other people or animals so that they do not catch the disease กักบริเวณ จำกัดบริเวณ
react – to respond to something that happens เกิดปฏิกิริยาต่อต้าน
recommendation – a suggestion or piece of advice about how to solve a problem, deal with a situation คำแนะนำ หรือข้อเสนอแนะ
recover – to become healthy again after an illness or injury
ฟื้นตัวจากการเจ็บป่วย, ฟื้นไข้
residents – people who live in a particular area ชาวเมือง,ผู้อยู่อาศัย
resistance – the ability not be affected or harmed by something, especially a drug or a disease
resources – things such as money, workers and equipment that can be used to help achieve something
respiratory tract – the organs involved in breathing
risk – the possibility that something dangerous or unpleasant might happen
risk group – a group that is in danger of something happening to them
saliva – the liquid produced by glands in your mouth น้ำลาย
scare – a situation when a lot of people become worried about something ความหวาดกลัว, ความตื่นตระหนก
sore throat – a pain at the back of your mouth เจ็บคอ
spread – to gradually affect or cover a larger area แพร่หลาย, แพร่กระจาย
step up – to increase; to cause to happen at a faster rate
sterilisation – the process of making something completely clean and free from bacteria การฆ่าเชื้อโรค
strain – a particular type of virus, animal, insect, or plant สายพันธุ์
strategy– a plan or method for achieving something, especially over a long period of time ยุทธวิธี, แผนการ
surgery – medical treatment in which a doctor cuts open someone’s body การทำศัลยกรรม
surveillance – the process of carefully watching a person or place การเฝ้าตรวจตราอย่างเข้มงวด
suspected – thought to be something
suspend – to stop for a period of time ยกเลิกชั่วคราว, ระงับชั่วคราว
suspend – to stop for a period of time ยกเลิกชั่วคราว, ระงับชั่วคราว
symptom – a sign that someone has an illness อาการ
tally – a record or count of a number of items การบันทึกจำนวน
test negative – to show no signs of being infected by a particular virus, bacteria, etc.
test positive – to show in a medical test that a particular virus, bacteria, disease is present in the body ตรวจพบว่าติดเชื้อ
thermal – relating to or caused by heat ที่เกี่ยวกับความร้อน
transmission – the spreading of a disease การแพร่เชื้อ
unavoidable – impossible to stop from happening หลีกเลี่ยง
vial (also phial) – a small glass bottle, especially one containing liquid medicine ขวดแก้วขนาดเล็กซึ่งใช้บรรจุของเหลว
victim – someone who has been badly affected by a bad situation such as an illness
virologist – a scientist who studies and treats illnesses caused by viruses นักไวรัสวิทยา
wave – an activity or situation which is happening again or is being repeated after a pause